Andre Le Norte is considered the greatest garden and landscape designer from France. He was born in Paris, France in 1613 into a whole family of gardeners. He was married to Francoise
Langlois and had 3 children. Andre grew up surrounded by the gardening of his grandfather and father which made him quickly acquired to practical and theoretical knowledge. He lived within the city of Tuileries which allowed him to study at Palais du Louvre, and academy of the arts. At the school he became highly educated in mathematics, architecture, and landscape. At the school he made several connections and was able to study under the architect Francois Mansart for many years.
In 1637, Andre took over his father’s position as head gardener at Tuileries
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Andre didn’t believe in writing down his gardening ideas and would only ultimately express himself though his gardens.
Andre Le Norte’s first major garden design was the Vaux-Le-Vicomte which he worked on with a team of other architects. The idea of this garden was to make a large symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools, and walkways. He also implemented “forced perspective” into his designs so that things would appear closer than they really are. The final garden was completed in 1661.
Le Norte next designed the most famous garden in the world today, the Chateau de
Versailles. Andre designed Versailles as the center of the government for the monarch, Louis
XIV. The Chateau is an example of the French Baroque style. He designed it with huge parterres, an orangery, large fountains, ornamental groves, and a canal. Versailles also includes the largest avenue in Europe, the Avenue de Paris. This was a different garden then Le Norte was used to, he had to refine his gardening concepts and was a fine example of advanced topiary work. He created a play on shadows and sunlight by alternating shady places, the groves, and the parterres.
Andre Le Norte worked on a number of other big gardening projects in France.
When Louis XIII built his hunting lodge on the hillside of Versailles in 1623 , I suspect he never imaged the true master piece of French Baroque architecture it would become and that it would continue live throughout history in all its glory, almost viewed as a physical timeline of the history of France. Versailles was the seat of absolute monarchy and became its own symbol, it became the physical representation for power. Looking past its extensive historical background, the palace of Versailles has such a complex architectural and artistic influence as nearly four generations of French king royals have lived in the palace continually expanding and renovating it to match the current styles and inspirations of that era. In creating Versailles,
The main driving element in William Morris’s life has been the nature around him and the houses he lived in. The most prominent influence was the Kelmscott Manor. Therefore, I chose to go with Kelmscott Manor’s layout plan that exhibits the “inspirational garden “ that led to most of his design decisions, a map that depicts the pockets in the manor and how Morris was inspired by it. In addition to this, an original drawing of the Kelmscott Manor’s exterior that depicts how the manor amalgamated within the garden. To reinforce this, I picked a watercolor of the Kelmscott Manor and a photo that captivates the various perspectives of the garden in the manor. Moving on to his designs that interprets his love for nature I picked up the very first of his wallpaper design of the trellis that has a very naturalistic touch to it with the vines which seemed to be an extension of the “inspiration garden” on to the paper. Also chose one of the wallpapers he designed during the middle of his lifetime and one of his last designs as well. The underlying concept behind picking those was to outline the consistency in his design concept throughout his life. William Morris was a poet , whose poetry and compositions were also inspired by nature, and to depict his poetry in form of naturalism concept I picked a stance from one of his compositions that talks about forest, flora and fauna which directly ties to his underlying concept. Also the compositions he wrote always had engraved borders which was ...
recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French
Kleiner, F.S., Mamiya, C.J., Tansey, R.G. (2001) Gardeners Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, USA.
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is thought to be the father of cutting edge science. He unbelievably affected the way the world sees science today. From distinguishing components to finding the significance of combustion, he had a fundamental influence on many logical thoughts and innovations of the world. He was influential to the point that he is said to have an equivalent if not more prominent effect in science as Newton did in physics. Due to these achievements, he is viewed as one of France's and the world's most exceptional researchers.
The final plan of the garden by Le Nôtre was decided in 1668. The major axis of the gardens was traced following the sun path from east to west (Figure 7). This is also associated with Louis, expressing how his power as the Sun king is over nature. The axis created a great perspective going from the Water Parterre and finish at the Grand Canal. Similarly, a secondary perspective going from north to south orientation, from the Neptune Fountain and finished at the Swiss Pool (Figure 7). Along these two axes, fourteen groves are planted with palisades of clipped bushes bounded around it. Both the site layout of Versailles and the gardens are associated with the sun in some aspects. Consistently, both of them have the same implication of the king’s power over nature and the absolute monarchy of Louis.
The French architect, Jean Nouvel (1945 - ), set up his own firm in 1975. He was became well-known of his innovative techniques, the use of modern materials, and brilliantly letting the site, its intended usage, cultural background, and other factors dictate the
Built by Louis XIV, it was transformed into an immense and extravagant complex surrounded by a stylized English and French gardens; every detail of its construction glorified the king." Versailles, Palace of the Palace. Encyclopedia Britannica. Its garden is one of the most well-known and largest with its tree-lined paths, flowerbeds, fountains, and lakes. The king was extremely happy with what he had built for himself, his officials, and his people.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, later addressed as Mies, was born in the German town of Aix La Chapelle. At a young age he gained fundamental experience in the craftsman’s tradition and skills, later after commissioning his first project as an independent architect, Mies “executed in the then popular traditional style of steep roofs, gables and dormer windows with precision and careful attention to detail.” Next, he had the opportunity to train under Peter Behrens, where Mies learned to appreciate order and fine detail, as well as new ideas on proportion, simplicity, and the use of steel and glass. Mies acquired a romantic language from Behrens that derived from “ his domestic architecture from Karl Friedrich Schinkel. It was characterized by a unique sense of rhythm and proportion, a purity of form, and a nobility that stemmed from the practice of placing structures on wide platforms or pedestals.” T...
François Viète, also known as the “Father of Modern Algebraic Notation”, was born in 1540 in Fontenay-le-Comte, France. Viète attended school locally during his childhood, but decided to move to the city of Poitiers later on to further his education. Although François is considered the ninth greatest mathematician of all time, his main profession was not studying mathematics. He attended the University of Poitiers and, following in his father’s footsteps, studied law. Despite this fact, Viète is noted to have spent much of his spare time studying astronomy and mathematics because these subjects greatly interested him.
He started painting in the summer of 1921 and completed it in winter of 1922. The painting was influenced by his family's summer house in Mont-Roig del Camp. This genre was a Naïve Art. He used magical realism to help understand the painting. One can see animals from inside the house and detailed objects on the painting.
Influencers of Garden Design: A Look At Lancelot Brown Lancelot Brown who is famously known as “Capability” Brown was born in 1716 in Kirkharle, Northern England. This English garden designer was surrounded by landscaping and architecture all throughout his childhood. His father, William Brown was a farmer in Kirkharle and his eldest brother George Brown was an architect, and soon Brown started showing interest in botany and landscaping.
The role of gardens play a much more important role in Japan than here in the United States. This is due primarily to the fact the Japanese garden embodies native values, cultural beliefs and religious principles. Perhaps this is why there is no one prototype for the Japanese garden, just as there is no one native philosophy or aesthetic. In this way, similar to other forms of Japanese art, landscape design is constantly evolving due to exposure to outside influences, mainly Chinese, that effect not only changing aesthetic tastes but also the values of patrons. In observing a Japanese garden, it is important to remember that the line between the garden and the landscape that surrounds it is not separate. Instead, the two are forever merged, serving as the total embodiment of the one another. Every aspect of the landscape is in itself a garden. Also when observing the garden, the visitor is not supposed to distinguish the garden from its architecture. Gardens in Japan incorporate both natural and artificial elements, therefor uniting nature and architecture into one entity. Japanese gardens also express the ultimate connection between humankind and nature, for these gardens are not only decorative, but are a clear expression of Japanese culture.
His father taught his Latin but after a while saw his son’s greater passion towards mathematics. However, Andre resumed his Latin lessons to enable him to study the work of famous mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Bernoulli. While in the study of his father’s library his favorite study books were George Louis Leclerc history book and Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond Encyclopedia, became Ampere’s schoolmasters (Andre). When Ampere finished in his father’s library he had his father take him to the library in Lyon. While there he studied calculus. A couple of weeks later he was able to do difficult treaties on applied mathematics (Levy, Pg. 135). Later in life he said “the new as much about mathematics when he was 18, than he knew in his entire life. His reading...
Built 10 miles southwest of Paris, the city of Versailles is the home of one of the most famous palaces in the world (Jaris). When Louis XIV was reigning over France he really enjoyed his father's hunting lodge. He built a courthouse, multiple fountain gardens, and the famous Hall of Mirrors