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Direct cost and indirect cost in economics
Comparative ratio analysis
Direct cost and indirect cost in economics
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Liquidity described by Easton et al. (2018) “refers to cash availability: how much cash a company has, and how much it can raise on short notice” (p. 4). Therefore, liquidity ratio analysis is a financial health measure that investigates if a company’s current assets are enough to meet the company’s short-term debt obligations. Two common liquidity ratios are the current ratio and acid test ratio (quick ratio).
Current Ratio. The current ratio equals current assets divided by current liabilities. Although Redcorp’s 2015 ratio of 1.57 is a slight decline from its previous two years, a ratio “generally between 1.5% and 3%” (Pastrick, 2017) is considered a healthy financial ratio. Therefore, there is no indication of concerns, especially when
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It is calculated as the net income divided by sales. This ratio measures the company’s ability to cover their operating costs including indirect costs, unlike gross profit margin which does not consider indirect costs (Poznanski, 2013). The higher the profit margin, the more efficient the company is at turning sales into actual profit. Ideally, companies should have profit margins that are improving over time and are on par with or better than the industry average. Redcorp Inc. has a profit margin of 13.97% for 2015, which is better than the industry average of 13% and their profit margin has been increasing year over year since 2013. Based on looking at their profit margin compared to industry average as well as the improvement over time, it appears that Redcorp Inc is a profitable company and that they have been taking measures to continue to sustain and improve profitability. This could include things like lowering their expenses and costs, or by increasing product prices. Ideally, the company’s underlying costs should be analyzed as well as their pricing structure in order to fully understand their
Suppliers are mostly concerned with a company 's ability to pay on their liabilities. Therefore, the current ratio and the quick ratio are both looked at by suppliers. The current ratio takes a company’s current assets and divides that by the company’s current liabilities. This number is
Net working capital represents organization’s operating liquidity. In order to compute the net working capital, total current assets are divided from total current liabilities. When there is sufficient excess of current assets over current liabilities, an organization might be considered sufficiently liquid. Another ratio that helps in assessing the operating liquidity of as company is a current ratio. The ratio is calculated by dividing the total current assets over total current liabilities. When the current ratio is high, the organization has enough of current assets to pay for the liabilities. Yet, another mean of calculating the organization’s debt-paying ability is the debt ratio. To calculate the ratio, total liabilities are divided by total assets. The computation gives information on what proportion of organization’s assets is financed by a debt, and what is the entity’s ability to pay for current and long term liabilities. Lower debt ratio is better, because the low liabilities require low debt payments. To be able to lend money, an organization’s current ratio has to fall above a certain level, also the debt ratio cannot rise above a certain threshold. Otherwise, the entity will not be able to lend money or will have to pay high penalties. The following steps can be undertaken by a company to keep the debt ratio within normal
It is another indicator of liquidity which is determined by subtracting inventory from the current assets and dividing by current liabilities. Inventories are less liquid asset, so it is eliminated in determining this ratio. This ratio is already very less and every quarter it is decreasing which indicates about the poor financial health of the company. But in case of Chevron this ratio is far ahead and fluctuates between 1.35 to 1.46, whereas Exxon values are fluctuating within the range of 0.79 and 0.61. Chevron liquidity positi...
Current Ratio. The current ratio can indicate a company’s liquidity and is considered one of the most valuable ratios in analyzing
Costco Wholesale Corporation was an uncommon type of retailers called wholesale clubs. These clubs differentiated themselves from other retailer by requiring annual membership purchase. Especially in case of Costco, their target market is wealthier clientele of small business owners and middle class shoppers. They are now known as a low cost or discount retailer where they sell products in bulk with limited brands and their own brand. The company is competing with stores like Wal-Mart, SAM’s, BJ’s, and Sears. The case begins with an individual shareholder, Margarita Torres, who first purchased shares in 1997 and who is trying to evaluate the operational performance of the business in order to make a decision rather or not purchase more shares
The Current Ratio is calculated by taking the current debt and dividing it by the current liabilities. It is the measurement on how a company can meet its short term liabilities with liquid assets (Loth, Rihar, 2015a).A higher ratio indicates favorable activity. A company should be able to meet it responsibilities with its
Costco’s Profitability ratios indicate that that Its Gross profit margin is stable at 12.6%. Net profit margin has improved from 1.7% to 1.9%. Return on Assets (ROA) has improved from 6.3% to 6.7%. Return on Equity (ROE) also has shown healthy increase YoY& is currently
Current Ratio – For the last three years was growing from 3.56 in 2001 to 3.81 in 2002 to 4.22 in 2003. The reason of grow is increased in Assets. Even though Liability was growing, Asset grow was more significant.
In regards to the corporation’s balance sheet, it is necessary to place an importance on liquidity ratios to demonstrate the company’s ability to pay its short term obligations such as accounts payable and notes that have a duration of less than one year. These commonly used liquidity ratios include the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio. All three ratios are used to measure the liquidity of a company or business. The current ratio is used to indicate a business’s ability to meet maturing obligations. The quick ratio is used to indicate the company’s ability to pay off debt. Finally the cash ratio is used to measure the amount of capital as well short term counterparts a business has over its current liabilities.
By taking into account only the most liquid assets, ratio 1.0 in 2013 and 2012, which increased by a small margin 0.2 from 2011, indicates that company has strong liquidity position.
Current ratio: This number is found by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities that is found on the balance sheet. The current ratio for 2010 was .666. This was calculated by $1550,631 / $2,326,966. The current ratio for 2011 was .905. This number was calculated by $1,543,816 / $1,705,132.
Ratios traditionally measure the most important factors such as liquidity, solvency and profitability, as well as other measures of solvency. Different studies have found various ratios to be the most efficient indicators of solvency. Studies of ratio analysis began in the 1930’s, with several studies of the concluding that firms with the potential to file bankruptcy all exhibited different ratios than those companies that were financially sound.
Profitability ratios express ability of the company to produce profit. This shows how well a company is performing in a given period of time. To compare the profitability for the companies, the investors use profitability ratios that are return on equity, profit margin, asset turnover, gross profit, earning per share. Return on asset indicates overall profitability of assets. It is the relationship between net income and average total assets. GM has 0.034 and Ford has 0.036. This indicates Ford is more profitable. Profit margin is how much of every dollar of sales the company keeps. Computing profit margin, net income divided by net sales. This indicates higher profit margin is more profitable and it has better control. Thus, GM’s profit margin is 3.4 percentages and Ford’s is 4.9 percentages. This indicates Ford has better control profitably compared to GM. Next ratio is gross profit rate. It is how much of every dollar is left over after paying costs of goods sold. Assets turnover represents how efficiency a company uses its assets to sales. This ratio is relationship between net sales and average total assets. GM’s is 0.98 and Ford’s is 0.75. This result represents GM is using its assets more efficiently. Gross profit margin is dividing gross profit, which is equal to net sales less cost of gods sold, by net sales. This ratio indicates ability to maintain selling price above its cost of goods sold. GM’s gross profit rate is 11.6 percentages. Ford’s is 5.7 percentages. GM is higher ratio, and it indicates strong net income. Also, it indicates the company has to spend lower operating expenses and the company is able to spend left money for covering fixed costs. Earnings per share indicate the company’s net earnings to each share common stock. This ratio shows margin between selling price and cost of goods sold. From these companies’ income statement, GM is $2.71 and Ford is $1.82. Because GM’s value is higher relative to Ford’s,
Any successful business owner or investor is constantly evaluating the performance of the companies they are involved with, comparing historical figures with its industry competitors, and even with successful businesses from other industries. To complete a thorough examination of any company's effectiveness, however, more needs to be looked at than the easily attainable numbers like sales, profits, and total assets. Luckily, there are many well-tested ratios out there that make the task a bit less daunting. Financial ratio analysis helps identify and quantify a company's strengths and weaknesses, evaluate its financial position, and shows potential risks. As with any other form of analysis, financial ratios aren't definitive and their results shouldn't be viewed as the only possibilities. However, when used in conjuncture with various other business evaluation processes, financial ratios are invaluable. By examining Ford Motor Company's financial ratios, along with a few other company factors, this report will give a clear picture of how the company is doing now and should do in the future.
The current ratio and quick ratios for the year 2003 are at 2.5 and 1.3, which are both higher than the industry average. The company has enough to cover short term bills and expenses. Both the current and quick ratios are showing an upward trend compared to 2001 and 2002. The current assets decreased by $ 20,264 to $ 1,531,181 and the current liabilities also decreased considerably by $255,402 to $616,000, a 29.3% decline, thus making the current ratio jump to a 2.5. The biggest decline was seen is accounts payable which decreased by $170,500 to $230,000, a decline of 42.6 %.