Analysis of Tchaikovsky's "Romeo and Juliet"

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Tchaikovsky - Romeo and Juliet

The slow introduction, which is the theme of Friar Lawrence, begins with a slow minor melody played by the clarinets, which imitates a Russian hymn. The strings then take over the melody and use suspensions. There is a modulation to the major and the strings and woodwind play together. The music modulates back to minor and the flute plays an ascending minor arpeggio whilst the harp plays glissandos. This is repeated. Pizzicato strings then play a descending sequence whilst the flute melody crescendos and accelerates. A string legato melody then alternates between the cello and the violin, before all the strings play together and crescendo as the harp accompanies and the violins play a pedal note. Diminished 7th chords are then played by strings and flute, whilst the harp plays ascending scales. A long timpani roll creates a tense rumbling sound whilst the strings and woodwind crescendo. Brass and bangs of the timpani are then introduced at the climax. The strings and woodwind then use antiphony and play in syncopation as the music accelerates.

The exposition section of the sonata form structure therefore begins with the music being very loud and very fast. The strings and woodwind play the syncopated, rhythmic fight theme. Again, the strings and woodwind play in antiphony, and also imitation. The cymbals crash, representing the clashing of the swords, and the strings play ascending and descending scales. The theme is then repeated by the full orchestra with cymbals and timpani, climaxing with a perfect cadence. The woodwind section then plays a legato melody that gradually uses rallentando and diminuendo. Brass instruments play a long pedal note, and the bassoon plays diminished chords, before...

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...being played. Two fortissimo chords played by the horns and trumpets signify Romeo's death, and Juliet's is portrayed in the same way using the tuba and bass trombone. There is a diminuendo with a descending cello passage, ending with a timpani roll.

The coda, which is the funeral music for Romeo and Juliet, begins with a long pedal note, with the timpani playing a heartbeat style rhythm, and then the strings enter with minor legato melody. The flute then plays a slow melody, accompanied by the strings. The music accelerates, and the oboe joins the flute. The harp plays ascending scales, and then the whole orchestra joins the accompaniment, as the strings take over the melody, with the flute and oboe playing a countermelody. There is a modulation to major, then a timpani roll whilst the orchestra plays chords on the beat, and the piece ends with a perfect cadence.

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