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Global cities are characterized by
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Introduction
Sassen (2001) defines a global city as one within which “the linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socio-economic means”. Sassen emphasises the ‘global’ importance of these cities. However, we must study the individual locations this global entity consists of, in order to fully understand the whole; something we have endeavoured to achieve through a focus on the districts of Shoreditch and Hoxton. To begin our report, we will first outline our research methodologies. Following this will be a literature review, analysing and summating the literature we have studied to support our fieldwork. The main section of the report will comprise our analysis of the question, exploring the transformation of London’s ‘industrial, occupational, income and residential’ structures. We will then discuss our analyses, drawing a conclusion focussing on the extent to which we believe London has been transformed.
Methodology
The prevailing requirement of the question is to maintain a sensitivity towards the essence of both the social characterisation and structure of Shoreditch and Hoxton: this implies the need for a response based upon research that considers how and why London’s social environment is the way it is, rather than research that merely quantifies elements of its social environment. For this reason, the qualitative fieldwork collected during our walks around Shoreditch and Hoxton has formed the basis of this report. Our fieldwork includes field notes, personal responses and photos, all of which were collected via individual observation during a two hour circular tour around central areas within Shoreditch and Hoxton. After amalgamation, the coding of these grouped fieldwork reco...
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Pratt, A.C and Hutton, T.A. (2013) ‘Reconceptualising the relationship between the creative economy and the city: Learning from the financial crisis’, cities, 33, 86-95. Sage Companion To The City, Sage, London
Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton University Press.
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Proud (2014) describes Shoreditch, an area in east London as a metonym for unlucky pieces of real estate that have had the hipster formula applied to them. situates the term in space, going one further to describe hipsterfication as “Shoreditchification” However the term “hipster” has been mentioned in other geographical works such as that of David Ley and Tom Butler (1980; 1997), in the theories of “the new middle class” of gentrifiers. Hipsters have turned themselves into “self-gentrifying urban Bedouins”, “popping-off then popping-up” where ever is cheapest (Eror 2014). The perceived advantages and disadvantages that this new “creative class of the skilled, educated and hip”, bring are mixed in literature (Companella; Kotkin
Close your eyes and sit back in your recliner. Let the cool breeze refresh you as you relax in your hardwood floored den and sip your English tea. Now picture London. What kind of an image comes to mind? Perhaps the sophisticated languages of its inhabitants or just the aura of properness that encompasses typical visions of the great city of London. I am not writing to deny the eloquence of London, I am instead writing to challenge the notion of sophistication that many of us hold true to London. Could a city of such brilliance and royalty ever fester with the day to day problems that we witness daily in our own country? I argue, yes.
My conclusion is a lesson that can be learned from the history of Birmingham, you can start with something small and with enough effort it will become big, but nothing will last forever. With Birmingham it started with a small market but with enough effort it turned into a big industrial centre, but it’s not the centre we know now, because it was ‘ruined’ by the interventions after WWI and WWII. But who knows? Maybe in 100 years it will be an industrial centre again!
He made a strong argument that a community cannot achieve economic development without creativity. Florida also mentioned that because creativity is mostly to be noted in the urban environment, it is going to be ultimately a hotspot for economic development in the future. He believes that geography becomes more essential as the creative class utilizes its mobility to access to diverse and...
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There is no precedential example of the ‘perfect’ creative city. At first glance so many so-called creative cities seem to differ drastically from one another (such as Hollywood, Athens of Pericles or Manchester during the Industrial Revolution), however, after closer assessment, it becomes apparent that every city was a melting point of creativity. This melting pot could relate either to technology, culture, or knowledge and regardless of which aspect was most prominent, each city was a breeding ground for
When thinking about the good city naturally every person imagines a physical condition to be improved but the physical environment is not the only force that shapes the city. For example, city and urban society cannot be detached (Lefebvre, 1970/2003). Hence the urban society is, combined with the city, an important force in urban development.
Sociologist … explained that open pattern of suburb is because of seeking environment free noise, dirt and overcrowding that are in the centre of cities. He gave examples of these cities as St. John’s wood, Richmond, Hampstead in London. Chestnut Hill and Germantown in Philadelphia. He added that suburban are only for the rich and high class. This plays into the hands of the critical perspectives that, “Cities are not so much the product of a quasi-natural “ecological” unfolding of social differentiation and succession, but of a dynamic of capital investment and disinvestment. City space is acted on primarily as a commodity that is bought and sold for profit, “(Little & McGivern, 2013, p.616).
According to Geertz (1973) a society can be defined as ̒ the actual arrangement of social relations.̓ Due to the fact that societies can be influenced by a number of factors, there are likely to be several social problems in each community. Moreover, these problems can lead to deteriorated conditions especially if governments and organisations do not act toward them. Regarding this significant connection between individuals and their communities, it is worth investigating these problems in order to reach some solutions or reduce the noticeable effects of these issues. This essay will limit itself to the predicaments appearing above the age of in British cities. In general, these cities usually suffer from three main problems.
As previously implied, cities are currently the antithesis of even the barest sense of sustainability. To succinctly define the term “sustainability” would be to say that it represents living within one’s needs. When it comes to the city, with almost zero local sources of food or goods, one’s means is pushed and twisted to include resources originating far beyond the boundaries of the urban landscape. Those within cities paradoxically have both minimal and vast options when it comes to continuing their existence, yet this blurred reality is entirely reliant on the resources that a city can pull in with its constantly active economy.
McShane, Steven, and Mary Ann Von Glinow. Chapter 8: Decision Making and Creativity. PRIMIS MNO 6202: Managing Organizations. 2004. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' Reprint of the book.
Sassen, S. "The Global City: introducing a Concept." Brown Journal of World Affairs. 11.2 (2005): 40. Print.
Global cities are key command areas in the organization of the world economy, acting as a focus for trade flows and world finance and containing the principal marketplaces for the leading industries. These cities hold major corporate headquarters of TNCs, international banks and international division of labour (Macionis & Plummer 2012). Almost all of the world’s finance is controlled by twenty-five of these cities, with New York, London and Tokyo emerging as the three most powerful centres of world finance. But although these cities are the residences of large corporations and international systems of finance, they also have an increasing number of poor people. In Global cities, there is a sharp c...