Analysis and Evaluation of Neutralisation

Analysis and Evaluation of Neutralisation

An example of neutralisation is this:

[IMAGE]Acid or Alkali + Base Salt + Water + Hydrogen

This investigation will investigate the reaction of hydrochloric acid

and sodium hydroxide where these two liquid compounds neutralise each

other. We will be monitoring the temperature of the liquids as more of

the hydrochloric acid (HCL) is added.

[IMAGE]Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid Sodium Chloride + water

[IMAGE]NaOH + HCL NaCl + H2O

I predict that this reaction will be exothermic as this reaction

creates bonds, which will give out heat. The reaction creates bonds

between the hydrogen and the hydroxide ions, ie another Hydrogen -

Oxygen bond is being formed.

(l)

[IMAGE]

(aq)

(aq)

H+ + OH - H2O

[IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE]H+ + O - H O

H H

This formula is called neutralisation. As shown when the hydrogen and

hydroxide react together an extra bond is created between the

Hydroxide and hydrogen to form water (H2O). The results collected are

shown in the table below.

[IMAGE]

Text Box: The results collected in the experiment have been shown on a graph. The graph shows a temperature increase up to 26.9oC. This was taken when 28cm3 of HCL was added to the solution. This is where neutralisation has occurred. After this point the temperature slowly decreased.

[IMAGE]

We can find out the total amount of energy released in this reaction.

This is done by using this equation.

4.2Joules of energy will rise the temperature of 1g of water by 1oC

In my experiment there was an temperature increase of 5.1oC. The total

weight of the fluids used is 53 cm3. The density of water is 1g/cm3 so

53 cm3 of HCL and NaOH is equal to 53g

53g x 4.2j = 222.6 joules to raise the temperature of the solution by

1oC. The temperature of the solution was raised by 5.1oC so:

222.6 J x 5.1oC = 1135.26 J

This equation shows us that 1135.26 joules of energy were used in