Water polo is an intense game that includes many exercise components that can be tested. These components include body composition, strength, power, speed, anaerobic capacity and endurance1. These components will be tested in a test battery that will be aimed at a 12 year old athlete.
Body composition
Body composition is an important aspect of water polo. The individual needs to be lean and preferably tall1. This assists with the speed of their swimming, their ability to defend themselves from the opponent and to be able to throw at a distance and speed.
The following tests that will be performed are:
• Weight and height measures
• Waist to hip ratio
• Skinfolds for body fat percentage
• Length of limbs
The reason for doing these tests
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It tests their speed as it measures how quickly they are able to perform the task.
Anaerobic capacity
Anaerobic capacity is the most important aspect in water polo. Throughout the game, the individual will be performing sudden bursts of high intensity exercise. Such as, sprinting to get the ball and treading up in the water to get the ball.
The following test will be performed:
• Water polo intermittent shuttle test (WIST) o This test consists of the athlete performing high intensity bouts of effort followed by a recovery period. Each shuttle in 7.5m which is followed by a 10 second recovery period. After each stage the speed increases. This test is done until the athlete cannot do anymore. The level that they have stopped at is their score2.
The reason for this test is that it assess whether the individual is able to perform these high intensity bouts at an appropriate level. This test shows at which level the athlete is at and how much more they can improve.
Endurance
Endurance needs to be tested in the athlete as the athlete is active for large periods of time. This includes the constant treading throughout the game, the swimming and generally not stopping at
The only other strength of the experimental design was that its validity was reasonably high. This experiment directly tested the effect of prior exercise on muscle fatigue during physical exercise
•Controlled variable- amount of time exercising and resting, number of trials, type of exercise, same type of clothespin , intensity of the exercise, and the age of test subjects
The higher a person’s VO2max, the longer they can sustain endurance events at higher training intensities. Conclusively, the experiment proved that the trained participant had a higher VO2max (higher oxygen consumption) and was indeed more fit than that of the untrained participant.
Muscle endurance is the ability to perform a lot of repetitions against a given resistance for a long period of time. The combination of strength and endurance results in muscle endurance. Muscle endurance is used in may sports such as rowing, swimming, cycling, distance running, field hockey and American football. Normally, an endurance muscle program involves lifting about 12-25 repetitions of moderate loads. In some cases, this is inadequate for many sports such as boxing, canoeing and x-cross skiing.
Athletic staleness and burnout is a big problem for many of today’s athletes whether they are at the amateur or professional level. The good thing about this problem that ends up in total and complete physical and emotional exhaustion is that it can be recognized when it is taking place. It can also be treated if the recognition comes at too late of a stage of the onset of staleness and burnout. But the best remedy for athletic staleness and burnout is prevention of it in the first place. There are three different models that have been used to explain the causes of athlete burnout.
Results: The experiments required the starting, ending, and total times of each run number. To keep the units for time similar, seconds were used. An example of how to convert minutes to seconds is: 2 "minutes" x "60 seconds" /"1 minute" ="120" "seconds" (+ number of seconds past the minute mark)
The tactical games model is an instructional method for a physical education class, the outline for a tactical game unit is set up as follows. The first step in any Tactical games model is to choose a sport for the class to play, team sports such as basketball or soccer typically work best for this model because they present the players with more tactical situations. Rather than full sized games your class will benefit more from smaller groups and faster paced games, any tactical issues a student is having during the sport will become more apparent this way and therefore easier to address (Pill). Additional adaptations can be made to manipulate the sport to your classes needs such as dimensions of the field, player’s movements, and the games rules (Pill).The Focus of game one is to put your students into challenging situations, by being challenged in the first game the students see areas they are lacking tactical experience. As the teacher your objective during game one is to iden...
To make sure it is a fair test; the procedure is repeated a couple of
Basketball is a "transition game. Players continuously switch between defensive and offensive plays throughout the game. The plays include strenuous physical, such as running/sprinting, cutting, feints, jumps, and landings. Rapid turns and proximity during one-on-one situations increase the possibility of physical contact. Thus, frequent intermittent running and sprinting characterize the action of the game. Motion analysis has shown that depending on individual playing-time; basketball players cover a distance between 4.6 and 5.8 km per game, with mean heart rates between 80 and 90% of individual maximum heart rates (European Network for Sports injuries prevention, 2008). Consequently, players need to rid of highly advanced basic...
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
due to the nature of the game and the fact that there is continuous movement with lots of short bursts of more intense activity. Some positions require higher levels of anaerobic fitness than others, some. require more aerobic fitness. A midfield player is required to cover a lot of ground during a game and needs a good aerobic engine. A striker on the other hand requires short bursts of repeated activity and requires more speed and anaerobic fitness.
Creative new training methods, developed by coaches, athletes and sport scientists, are aimed to help improve the quality and quantity of athletic training ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). However, these methods have encountered a consistent set of barriers including overtraining ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). Due to these barriers, the need for physical and mental recovery in athletics brought an increasing attention in practice and in research ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1).
For cavalry, polo provides a venue for displaying one’s athleticism, poise, quick thinking, and boldness. In fact, kings from many nations used polo as an easy way to determine appointments for political and army positions. Often, the best polo players are the only ones who can surpass their natural born social class.
Several forces play significant roles in the movement of the human body through the water. The forces are drag, lift, gravity and buoyancy. Lift and drag are the main propulsive forces that are used by swimmers. Resistance, known as drag, can be broken into three main categories: frontal resistance, skin friction, and eddy resistance. The effect of buoyancy in swimming is best described by Archimedes’ principle: a body fully or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the body.1 This effectively negates any effects that gravity might have on a swimmer. The rare exception to this is a swimmer with very little body fat, and this is overcome by keeping the lungs inflated to a certain degree at all times.
Soccer is a sport that is all about motion and how to use movements most effectively. Speed and velocity are very important when it comes to motion because with out them there would be no motion. When playing soccer speed is essential to being a productive player. The game is fast paced and so the players must also be quick on their feet. Soccer players may not know that velocity is essential to being able to control their movements. But physics proves that both are essential to soccer. Speed and direction are b...