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Gender Issues In Literature
Gender Issues In Literature
Gender inequality in literature
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The Shawl, 1985, by David Mamet, deals with issues of truth and money in the middle class. Mamet presents a case of a woman and two men who deceive her. Already in the first act, John, the initiator of the con act, articulates the conflict between belief and truth as he tells the woman she has a small scar on her left knee, which she must look at in order to realize it exists, since it is the first time she hears of it from a stranger and convinced she does not have it. John locates truth above belief, because truth clarifies all doubts and makes life coherent. After the first session John says to his skeptic partner Charles that she was won over, which rings a bell and enables the connection to another play by Mamet, House of Games, …show more content…
He is so convinced in his analysis, whereas the audience sees him lying to himself, caught in his own creation, which is pathetic. Charles and John’s plan to listen to Miss A and gather information about her, that she provides in between the lines, which they interpret according to the female stereotype, is similar to the “tell” Mike refers to in House of Games when he asks Margaret if she knows what a “tell” is. Mike refers to human slips, like body language or sayings that give them away. Then they will match the pieces of information and create a story and a sub-conscience personality which they will treat. This is their profession. It is also similar to the charade the con men put in front of Margaret in House of Games; the principles of the con are the same. These mind games reveal a lot about the politics of the sexes. How men think the female mind operates and the irony surfaces when they are wrong in their assumption. This is how the grotesque is created with the mutual understanding , or shall I say, misunderstanding between the sexes, which is a major theme in Mamet’s …show more content…
She claims sex is a biological difference between men and women, while gender is culturally constructed and imposed on one by the expectations of society. The gender of one is defined by the mold prepared for the sex, predestination, a set of characteristics that supposedly match the sex. However gender is a performance that has nothing to do with biology. This is clarified at the end of Edmond when he finds peace alongside of a man and is restless no more, in jail, where he is free with no social expectations of looking for his manhood through performing sex with women in strip-clubs, for
As the play continues, John is still in prison, but is now signing the paper confessing he is a witch. Doing this will save his life, but it will be a lie. After he has signed this he realizes that this is horrible decision to make.
What defines gender? The sex of a person refers to their physical anatomy, their sexual orientation refers to whom they are attracted to. The gender identity of a person, however, is their internal sense of being male, female, neither or both. The way in which they manifest their masculinity and/or femininity is their gender expression. Society has no right to dictate a person’s gender identity or manifestation, nor does it have the right to confine them to any one of these. Too often does the public deem someone’s gender and expression the same as their sex, and treat them as such without consulting the individual. The play Down from Heaven by Colleen Wagner and the novel Annabel by Kathleen Winter depict the ongoing battle that society faces
The audience sees through staging and conversation between the two main characters that the communication of modern relationships
First, no matter what is represented on stage, the fact that boys are actually playing cross dressing men and women is insistently metaphorical; the literal fact of trans-vestism (that is, the boy actor impersonating either a woman, a woman cross dressed as a man, or a man cross dressed as a woman, not the represented character) is divided between the homoerotic and the blurring of gender. On the other hand, the represented female character who cross dresses functions literally to relieve the boy actor, at least for a time, from impersonating a woman. Represented characters who cross dress may pre-sent a variety of poses, from the misogynist mockery of the feminine to the adroitly and openly homoerotic. In the case of the title character of Jonson's Epicoene, the motif is utilized as disguise intended to effect a surprise ending for Morose and his heterosexual audience, for whom the poet also pr...
One evening, he stumbles over Estraven’s questions about the difference between the male and female sex on Genly’s home planet, replying remarkably, “In a sense, women are more alien to me than you are” (Le Guin 234). This authority on gender, this man who has spent much of his commentary on how certain actions give an impression of femininity while others are inherently masculine, cannot clearly define the women he has lived among for years on end to an alien he has known for a much shorter span of time. He is uncertain as to the definition of one gender versus another, and yet he has stubbornly labeled actions and appearances according to his gender
Thirdly, we are going explore how Mamet’s protagonists show various degrees of personal stability. They are strangers of their own lives, with no particular sense of identity because for them the world is essentially meaningless, competitive, alienating and cold. It is my contention that the fragmentation of the society is mapped on the characters. In his article “Dominance and Anguish: The Teacher-Student Relationship in the Plays of David Mamet”, Hubert-Leibler draws attention to the construction of the characters:
When the play opens all the characters are in the kitchen of the farm house. The men are discussing a strategy on how to go about gathering evidence, while the women are silently standing together near the door. As the men are speaking, the attorney (one of the investigators) opens a cupboard door and one of the women notices that Mrs. Wright’s fruit has frozen due to the cold. The men immediately ridicule the women for worrying ab...
Throughout the book I began to realize that sex is biological and gender is part of a cultural and societal construct. In Fausto-Sterling’s Dueling Dualisms, he talks about second wave feminism, which made it clear to me that sex is distinct from gender. Sexologists differentiate between sex and gender by defining sex biological, while describing gender as something that is more psychological and dependent on a person’s behavior.
Gender is not about the biological differences between men and women but rather the behavioral, cultural and psychological traits typically associated with one sex. Gender is socially constructed meaning it 's culturally specific, it 's learned and shared through gender socialization. What it means to be a woman or man is going to differ based on the culture, geographical location, and time. What it meant to be a woman in the US in the 19th century is different than what it means to be a woman in the 21st century. As cultures evolve over time so are the ideals of what it means to be man or woman.
In the 19th Century, women had different roles and treated differently compared to today’s women in American society. In the past, men expected women to carry out the duties of a homemaker, which consisted of cleaning and cooking. In earlier years, men did not allow women to have opinions or carry on a job outside of the household. As today’s societies, women leave the house to carry on jobs that allow them to speak their minds and carry on roles that men carried out in earlier years. In the 19th Century, men stereotyped women to be insignificant, not think with their minds about issues outside of the kitchen or home. In the play Trifles, written by Susan Glaspell, the writer portrays how women in earlier years have no rights and men treat women like dirt. Trifles is based on real life events of a murder that Susan Glaspell covered during her work as a newspaper reporter in Des Moines and the play is based off of Susan Glaspell’s earlier writing, “A Jury of Her Peers”. The play is about a wife of a farmer that appears to be cold and filled with silence. After many years of the husband treating the wife terrible, the farmer’s wife snaps and murders her husband. In addition, the play portrays how men and women may stick together in same sex roles in certain situations. The men in the play are busy looking for evidence of proof to show Mrs. Wright murdered her husband. As for the women in the play, they stick together by hiding evidence to prove Mrs. Wright murdered her husband. Although men felt they were smarter than women in the earlier days, the play describes how women are expected of too much in their roles, which could cause a woman to emotionally snap, but leads to women banding together to prove that women can be...
When considering gender and sex, a layman’s idea of these terms might be very different than a sociologist’s. There is an important distinction: sex, in terms of being “male” or “female,” is purely the physical biological characteristic differences – primarily anatomical differences. (There are also rare cases of “intersexual” individuals as outlined in the Navarro article, “When Gender Isn’t a Given”.) Gender, on the other hand, is an often misconstrued concept that is commonly mistaken as synonymous with sex. A non-sociologist might surmise the following, “men act masculine and women act feminine, therefore, it must follow that gender is inherent to sex,” however, this is not necessarily the case.
...seful miscommunication between men and women. Lastly, when looking through the imagined perspective of the thoughtless male tricksters, the reader is shown the heartlessness of men. After this reader’s final consideration, the main theme in each of the presented poems is that both authors saw women as victims of a male dominated society.
The the book introduces the topic by defining sex and gender. Sex refers to the biology of your body, there are two aspects within this concept: primary sex characteristics and secondary characteristics. Primary characteristic is the genitalia which you are born with. Secondary sex characteristics has to do with the hormones; distribution of male and female hormones. Gender on the other hand is a societal concept that comes along with gender roles; which is when society places roles on how each gender should act. This is where sexist stereotypes such as “girls like pink and boys like blue” come about. Gender roles become impacted by other factors such as: religion, class, race, culture to name only a few. Culture and other aspects alter what is perceived as the norm; some cultures recognize an androgynous gender, while the concept is still taboo in many cultures. This chapter, assesses how patriarchy prevails given the fact that gender roles create an environment meant to benefit males more than
In this play, the men and women characters are separated even from their first entrance onto the stage. To the intuitive reader (or playgoer), the gender differences are immediately apparent when the men walk confidently into the room and over to the heater while the women timidly creep only through the door and stand huddled together. This separation between genders becomes more apparent when the characters proceed in investigating the murder. The men focus on means while the women focus on motive: action vs. emotion. While the men...
Many of us think that ‘sex is equivalent to gender’, yet they are actually very different. In simple definition, sex is determined biologically at birth, and we can tell a person’s sex by anatomy, but there are no definite criteria to determine a person’s gender. All of the articles suggest that gender is not born with, but is socially constructed. In our society, one is expected to perform certain behaviors that are suitable for a particular sex, which is known as gender role, so as to fit into the society. As suggested by Franklin II and Clye W., there are many different agents in the society that shape gender, such as family, education, religion, peer, etc. All of these agents implant values into children about their behaviors so that they can match with the social expectations of their gender. For example, parents usually choose masculine toys for boys and choose neutral or feminine toys for girls, boys are encouraged to engage in larger group games and compete against each other while girls play in smaller groups at school. Through the continuous influence from different agents, children learn their gender role and behave accordingly. Moreover, most people do gender unconsciously, as suggested by J. Lorber. Since gender is too in line with our everyday life, we usually assume that we are born with it, that it’s more