Analysis of A Vapor Power Plant
The objective of this study is to construct a computer model of a water vapor
power plant. This model will be used to calculate the state properties at all
points within the cycle. Included is an analysis of the ideal extraction
pressures based on the calculated values of net work, energy input, thermal
efficiency, moisture content, and effectiveness.
4.0 Body 4.1 Introduction System to be Analyzed Steam enters the
first turbine stage at 120 bar, 520 °C and expands in three stages to the
condenser pressure of .06 bar. Between the first and second stage, some steam is
diverted to a closed feedwater heater at P1, with saturated liquid condensate
being pumped ahead into the boiler feedwater line. The Terminal Temperature
Difference of the feedwater heater is 5°C. The rest of the steam is reheated to
500°C, and then enters the second stage of expansion. Part of the steam is
extracted between the second and third stages at P2 and fed into an open
feedwater heater operating at that pressure. Saturated liquid at P2 leaves the
open feedwater heater. The efficiencies of all pumps are 80%, and the
efficiencies of all turbines are 85%.
Throughout this report the states will be referenced as depicted above with the
numbers 1-13. The analysis of the system will involve the use of the Energy Rate
Balance to isolate the specific enthalpies and associated values of temperature,
pressure, specific volume, and steam quality. The Entropy balance equation will
be used to calculate the specific entropy at all the above noted states. Energy
Rate Balance (assume KE&PE=0) dEcv/dt = Qcv-Wcv+Smi(hi) - Sme(he)
Entropy Rate Balance dScv/dt = SQj/Tj + Smi(si) - Sme(se) + scv
For simplicity, it is assumed in all calculations that kinetic and potential
energy have a negligible effect. It is also assumed that each component in the
cycle is analyzed as a control volume at steady state; and that each control
volume suffers from no stray heat transfer from any component to its
surroundings. The steam quality at the turbine exits will also be constrained
to values greater than or equal to 90% (Moran, 337). 4.2 Code Development
The C program "finalproject.c² was developed to calculate the state values given
the constraints listed in section 4.1. The program structure consists of three
parts: Header/variable declaration Calculation section Data Report section The
Header section includes all the variable declarations, functions to include and
system definitions. To obtain accurate data values, this program uses floating
point values. The Calculation section is the function that is used to calculate
all the state values. In essence this section consists of two nested while()
First, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder. This water was then poured into the styrofoam cup that will be used to gather the hot water later. The water level was then marked using a pen on the inside of the cup. The water was then dumped out, and the cup was dried. Next, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder, and the fish tank thermometer was placed in the water. Once the temperature was stabilizing in the graduated cylinder, the marked styrofoam cup was filled to the mark with hot water. Quickly, the temperature of the regular water was recorded immediately before it was poured into the styrofoam cup. The regular/hot water was mixed for a couple seconds, and the fish tank thermometer was then submerged into the water. After approximately 30 seconds, the temperature of the mixture leveled out, and was recorded. This was repeated three
Firstly, when testing temperatures at 30°C and 40°C, the water was. sometimes heated more than needed, so I had to wait until it cooled. down to the required temperature. To avoid this happening, a. thermostatic water bath could have been used, because I could set it. to the required temperature.
12. For the last test, turn the fan on the highest setting and time the fan car.
Variables --------- During the experiments, the water will be heated using different spirit burners containing different alcohols. I will be able to change different parts of the experiment. These are the. Volume of water heated:
...dea of the occurring is that Mr. Lantin, as many other people do, seemed to forget about his problems when he suddenly found himself rich (Sanders). Mr. Lantin thought to himself “How lucky are the men who have fortunes” (De Maupassant 93). The mood of the entire story changes dramatically when the main character no longer cares about the troubles caused by his deceased wife: “For the first time in his life he went to the theater without feeling bored by the performance; and he passed the night in revelry and debauch” (De Maupassant ). That is a hint that the widower – Mr. Lantin – was no better than his deceased wife – he also started to care about money more than anything else when he got the opportunity to waste them as he pleased like when “he breakfasted at Voisin’s restaurant, and ordered wine at 20 francs a bottle” a high-priced restaurant (De Maupassant 95).
water has had equal amounts of time for it to heat up, again I will
Specific heat capacity of aqueous solution (taken as water = 4.18 J.g-1.K-1). T = Temperature change (oK). We can thus determine the enthalpy changes of reaction 1 and reaction 2 using the mean (14) of the data obtained. Reaction 1: H = 50 x 4.18 x -2.12.
Tf-Ti). Next, subtract the initial temperature, 25 degrees from the final temperature, 29 degrees putting the change in temperature at 4 °C. To calculate the heat absorbed by the water in calorimeter, use the formula (q = mCΔT). Plug in 50 mL for (m), 4.184 J for (C) and 4 °C for the initial temperature (ΔT), then multiply.
Trust is “a psychological state comprising the intention to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of the intentions or behavior of another “(Rousseau, 1998).
Lab 4: Energy Conservation: Hot Stuff!! The purpose of this experiment is to try to find the original temperature of the hot water in the heater using the 60 degrees C thermometer. Use your 60°C thermometer, and any materials available in your laboratory, to determine the temperature of the water in the coffee pot. During this experiment we calculated the original temperature of a heater after it had been cooled down, and we did this by measuring hot, cold, and warm water, with a thermometer that had tape covering 60 degrees and up.
In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature.
fuel, heat loss and shape of the type of wick. The type of fuel, heat loss will be the variables to change. We will measure to control the temperature of the water using a
Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night revolves around a love triangle that continually makes twists and turns like a rollercoaster, throwing emotions here and there. The characters love each another, but the common love is absent throughout the play. Then, another character enters the scene and not only confuses everyone, bringing with him chaos that presents many different themes throughout the play. Along, with the emotional turmoil, each character has their own issues and difficulties that they must take care of, but that also affect other characters at same time. Richard Henze refers to the play as a “vindication of romance, a depreciation of romance…a ‘subtle portrayal of the psychology of love,’ a play about ‘unrequital in love’…a moral comedy about the surfeiting of the appetite…” (Henze 4) On the other hand, L. G. Salingar questions all of the remarks about Twelfth Night, asking if the remarks about the play are actually true. Shakespeare touches on the theme of love, but emphases the pain and suffering it causes a person, showing a dark and dismal side to a usually happy thought.
These resources can be classified as low temperature (less than 194 degrees F), moderate temperature (194 – 302 degrees F), and also high temperature (greater than 302 degrees F). The uses to which these resources are applied are also influenced by temperature. If the reservoir is to be used for direct-heat application, the geothermal water is usually fed to a heat exchanger before being injected back into the earth. Heated domestic water from the output side of the heat exchanger is used for home heating, greenhouse heating, vegetable drying and a wide variety of other uses.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.