Amrita Pritam (born 31 August 1919) is a household name in the Punjab, being the first most prominent woman Punjabi poet and fiction writer. After partition she made Delhi her second home. She was the first woman recipient of th Sahitya Akademi Award, the first Punjabi woman to receive the Padma Shree from the President of India in 1969. Though critical of the socialist camp, her works were translated in all the east European languages including French, Japanese and Danish. Mehfil, a quarterly from Michigan State University published an issue on her works. She got Jananpeeth award in 1982 for her lifetime contribution to Punjabi literature. She received three D Lit degrees from Delhi, Jabalpur and Vishva Bharti Universities in 1973 and 1983 respectively. Inspite of her poor health, she is still active writing and editing a monthly magazine in Punjabi Nagmani.
Ode To Warris Shah - Amrita Pritam
Roman version by Amritjit Singh
Translated by Darshan Singh Maini aj aakhan waaris shah nooN kito.n qabra.n vicho.n bol! te aj kitab-e-ishq da koi agla varka phol! ik roi si dhii punjab dii tuu likh-likh mare vaiN aj lakkha.n dheeyan rondian tainuu.n waaris shah nooN kahaN! uTh darmandaN diaa dardiiaa uTh tak apNa punjaab! aj bele laashaa.n vichiiaa.n te lahu dii bharii chenaab! kise ne panja paaNia.n vich dittii zahir rala! te unhaa.n paaNiaa.n dharat nuu.n dittaa paaNii laa! jitthe vajdii phuuk pyaar di ve oh vanjhli gayi guaach ranjhe de sab veer aj bhul gaye usdi jaach dharti te lahu vasiya, qabran payiyan choN preet diyan shaahazaadiiaa.n aj vich mazaaraa.n roN aj sab 'qaido' baN gaye, husn ishq de chor aj kitho.n liaaiie labbh ke waaris shah ik hor aj aakhan waaris shah nooN kito.n qabra.n vicho.n bol! te aj kitab-e-ishq da koi agla varka phol!
English Translation
(This translation is taken from book in English by Darshan Singh Maini called STUDIES IN PUNJABI POETRY)
I say to Waris Shah today, speak from your grave
And add a new page to your book of love
Once one daughter of Punjab wept, and you wrote your long saga;
Today thousands weep, calling to you Waris Shah:
Arise, o friend of the afflicted; arise and see the state of Punjab,
Corpses strewn on fields, and the Chenaab flowing with much blood.
Someone filled the five rivers with poison,
And this same water now irrigates our soil.
Where was lost the flute, where the songs of love sounded?
And all Ranjha's brothers forgotten to play the flute.
Blood has rained on the soil, graves are oozing with blood,
The princesses of love cry their hearts out in the graveyards.
The alliteration used is to emphasize rhythm in the poem. On the other hand, the poet also depicts a certain rhyme scheme across each stanza. For example, the first stanza has a rhyme scheme of this manner a, b, c, d, e, a. With this, the rhyme scheme depicted is an irregular manner. Hence, the poem does not have a regular rhythm. Moreover, the poet uses a specific deign of consonance, which is present in the poem (Ahmed & Ayesha, p. 11). The poet also uses the assonance style depicted in the seventh stanza, “Seven whole days I have not seen my beloved.” The letter ‘o’ has been repeated to create rhythm and to show despair in the poem. On the second last line of the seventh stanza, the poet uses the style of consonance, “If I hug her, she’ll drive illness from me. By this, the letter ‘l’ is repeated across the line. The poet’s aim of using this style of Consonance is to establish rhythm in the poem and add aural
First of alll, the poem is divided into nine stanzas, where each one has four lines. In addition to that, one can spot a few enjambements for instance (l.9-10). This stylistic device has the function to support the flow of the poem. Furthermore, it is crucial to take a look at the choice of words, when analysing the language.
According to The Coddling of the American Mind, trigger warnings and microaggressions confine professors’ and well-educated adults’ unalienable right of speech; furthermore, they can impact one’s health. Protecting rights have a unison consensus; the authors unite them and the audience together to persuade the well-educated adults to protest the use of trigger warnings and microaggressions. While concluding that vindictive protectiveness is the reason for trigger warnings and microaggressions Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt state, “A campus culture devoted to policing speech and punishing speakers is likely to engender patterns of thought that are surprisingly similar to those long identified by cognitive behavioral therapists as causes of depression and anxiety.” (45) The word “policing” holds a negative connotation implying regulation, and no one wants their first amendment right of free speech stolen from them. Also the idea that trigger warnings and microaggressions may lead to depression and anxiety gives more logical reasoning to end trigger warnings and microaggressions in higher level education. When the authors specify the change that colleges should make, Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt write their idea of the purpose of college, “Rather than
homes. But the way in which each of the poets express this occurrence, with the use of
There is no clear correct way to analyze the poem and judge who is more correct is in the reader’s hand not the writers. If to readers sought different meanings each party would have a valid reason to why theirs is correct and the opposite party must accept it. The one agreeable argument is that this is an interesting and powerful poem.
This false consciousness causes people to solely think about themselves and how to make themselves look better than the others to get a better paying job. Their relationship to the production is at the same level as proletariats, Marx would say. Poverty is an outcome of how production is produced and by who and therefore is part of the economic base. When social factors contribute to how institutions are run, the institutions created by the economic base are, in a sense, reinforcing and adding to the poverty concentration. One weakness of Marx’s theory to modern society is that there is not a clear explanation of race and ethnicity division that contributes to poverty. We have a lot of immigrants in the United States who comes with the desire to one day achieve the American dream. Although the aspirations and dreams are there, there is a lot of obstacles that immigrants have to overcome, such as language barrier, lack of money, and more. Immigrants come to the United State with the desire to improve their lifestyle, but that does not mean that they have the means to have a stable living the minute they get here. This can be considered along with Durkheim’s concept of people following social expectations because immigrants often have the mindset that America is a land of equal opportunities and that it is one of the wealthiest country and so, they invest into it. However, they add to the number of people in poverty in America because they don’t have much themselves. Therefore, the concentration of poverty in America is composed of poor white Americans, black Americans, other racial Americans, and immigrants. Often we associate white Americans with being the wealthiest in comparison to blacks and other races due to the historical knowledge that we have. We know about slavery and who was the landowner, and
Several stories into the novel, in the section, “How to tell a true war story”, O’Brien begins to warn readers of the lies and exaggerations that may occur when veterans tell war stories.
Aphrodite, caring for only Jason, causes Medea to fall in love with him because of her known magical talents. To help Jason, Medea kills her own brother, betting that her father would stop for her brother’s body parts and allow her escape with Jason. While her escape plan works due to her innate sense of the way people react, Medea is now homeless. Still, the society expected Medea to give up everything for Jason, while he was allowed to ditch her with no social consequences. “And she herself helped Jason in every way. This is indeed the greatest salvation of all,-For the wife not to stand apart from the husband.” (Medea, pg. 616, line
The speech is poetry in itself, and if such a verse can be created in translation, what beauty could be found in the original text.
Because she does not hold the same beliefs and ideals of the women in her new society, this escalates the Greek’s skepticism of her and leads to further rejection. Jason explains to Medea that Greek women accept traditional societal roles and the duties placed on them by men when he says, “It is only natural for your sex to show resentment when their husbands contract another marriage. But your heart has now changed for the better. It took time, to be sure, but you have now seen the light of reason. That’s the action of a wise woman” (Page 209-210), but Medea strongly refutes these beliefs.
The Middle English text was obtained from the following website.Online Internet. April 9 1999. Available http://library.utoronto.ca/www/utel/rp/poems/sggk.html
This poem is an expression of the author’s troubles in her life. The “tears” from her neglect and the memories of her long-dead grandmother are mentioned. The author is descriptive throughout the poem and produces a picture for the reader to see “the black cow grazing with her newborn calf long-legged, unsteady.” Creating this visual through this analogy was effective. Words and phrases like “soft dampness of my tears” and “squirrels slipping in and out of the mango trees” were also a useful way to plant imagery for the poem.
I love my grandmother (or whom I call Nana) very much and I look up to her more than anyone else I know. She’s smart, kind, funny, social, and very outgoing. I remember one time at the mall, when she was walking up the “down” escalator, and she couldn’t figure out what was wrong with the stupid thing! She just kept walking up it, and cursing at it wondering what was wrong. As you’ve probably guessed, my speech is about Nana, my greatest role model.
... is poetry for “everyone”, even though authors want to make meaning and tell a story; our interpretation of a poem is what counts. The true beauty of a poem is the fact that it is subject to various interpretations (Videnov, pp. 126-30).
The poem is written in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Giving the poem a smooth rhyming transition from stanza to stanza.