Issues of defective construction or failure of building had been occur since all time ago. Each of the cases of defective construction has their own reason and most of the reason is related to its building. The main causes of the structural failure are not come from the loading but it determine by the defective design of the building. Other than that, the inferior construction material also may be the reason since the loads are being calculated based on the material specification. Usually the failure which comes from material is due to the changes material that difference from the exactly material that should be used in the construction.
However the structure also may fail even the design is good and satisfactory because the material used not
…show more content…
This mall had been commissioned for construction in 1979 and was completed in 1980.This Agro Mall is a double storey structure which had 190,000 square feet of floor space. Meanwhile the three dozen commercial units along the Algo Mall streets are hotel. The roof of the mall was be used as parking deck for the customer of the Mall. This mall’s service life have been prove for 32 years, the feature of the mall would be as a prove to the liability if the structure and would claim a hand full of lives when it eventually failed. Figure 1 show the conditions of Algo Centre Mall after failure …show more content…
Process of choosing waterproofing is very important in the step to build a building because it will give impact to the building in long term. The waterproofing membrane is considered to be most important component of the roofing system as it serves the main function of keeping water out of the building. But for agro central mall, they use waterproofing no membrane.
During construction waterproofing is very important because to prevent excessive moisture from being trapped between the reinforced roof structure and the membrane. The function of waterproof membrane is to resist hydrostatic pressure exerted by moisture in the liquid state. Other than that, their frictional forces which develop at their interface decelerate due to the movement of concrete slab that related to the sub-base layer. Thus, without waterproof membrane it wills easier the water to trap in the structure and causes of flat roof waterproofing
The suggestion regarding the shopping mall becoming its own liturgy is understandable. People are often fascinated by the mall’s environments. In addition, the mall may become a place of worship to an extent. Spending unhealthy amounts of time at mall may have attachment effect. Nevertheless, attending the mall,
In this document I will be reviewing secondary data that goes over some of the defects that have been observed in timber frame constructed buildings. I will be using data that has been put together both by experts in this field that have carried out their own investigations. I will be comparing the findings of the experts that have a duty of care to only speak facts and findings, to those views of the organisations that try their upmost to keep us safe.
Because of the existence of some misunderstanding between the concrete manufacturer and the architect/design team, in regards to which party should take the responsibilities to implement the water proofing details and installation. Since the Elliot Lake Inquiry has not come to a conclusion of that matter (Dec.16th, 2013), the responsibility of the waterproofing detailing is not yet clear. These leaks allowed water to penetrate through the topping and let the iron access the frame of the building. Until then, the corroded building’s frame getting worse and yet the roof top parking deck allowed water to penetrate the building until three decades. The corrosion that eventually so severe leads to the failure of the weld on a connection, resulting in the collapse.
Kmart's main weakness was that it had an aspiration to be all things to all people – its dabblings in drug stores, home improvement stores, bookstores, cafeterias and specialty stores in the 1980s and early 1990s seemed to spread the company very thin. This focus on diversification is just one example of how the retailer has often not made the wisest choices when faced with a tight spot.
However, on June 23, 2012, the mall has been afflicting by structural problems and leaks. It has been found that there has a part of structural failure with the dimension of 12m x 24m segment from the rooftop parking deck collapsed, causes the crash from the upper-level till the ground floor of the complex. Based, on the report, the total victims from the collapse are more than 20 people where two people were dead and twenty-two people were injured. It has been decided to demolish the building based on the investigation conducted and lawsuit action towards the incident.
The residents were also not left behind in relation to the problems caused by the damages on the roads. To begin with, several cases of accidents and injuries were experienced. Examples included the frequent falls by the residents who never paid key attention to the holes while walking on the roads. Moreover, due to the lack of finances, more individuals who specialised in the renovation processes...
Part A: Structural Safety Part B: Fire Safety Part C: Resistance to contaminants and moisture
Nowadays, research on green building design and using building materials to minimise environmental is already develop and construction has been blame on causing environmental problems in global resources in the aspects of construction and building operation to the hazardous and contamination of the surrounding environment (Ding 2008). However depending on the design or the project itself to achieve the aim of sustainable development and construction or to lower the impacts through appropriate management on site it is not satisfactory enough to handle the problem arise (Ding 2008).
Concrete generally contains voids and cracking can be happened by the external loading or internal thermal and shrinkage strain, structural movement etc. These voids and cracks can become the path for water seepage.
Concrete construction operations are of vital importance for the designer of the structure. The safety of any structure is related to the certain design criteria which
When Victor Gruen, the man credited with designing the first shopping mall in the early 1950s, designed plans for new shopping malls to be created, he typically specified land that was to be included and used for community and civic purposes. That may come to a surprise to many people; as the majority of shopping malls today rarely include such luxuries. Land adjacent to shopping malls is usually prime real estate, and to increase their revenue malls often sell off the farthest areas of their parking lots; typically for chain restaurants to be built. Not exactly what Gruen had in mind.
The famous problem in our country is the major forms of environmental attack is chloride ingress which lead to the corrosion of the reinforcing steel and a subsequent reduction in strength serviceability and the aesthetics values of the structure. This may lead to preliminary repair or replacement of the structure.
It ensures that there is prevention of undue deterioration of building facilities and thereby preserving the buildings investment capital, functionality and,
My strong belief of being part of your esteemed university will open up newer avenues in structural engineering solutions to explore and gives one a wider range of knowledge to contribute remarkably in preventing or reducing natural hazards damage in our community and to bring infrastructures and memorable landmarks besides disseminating the culture of sustainable construction in developing societies. With the knowledge and experience I can find in Germany, I believe I can use it as a guidance to achieve my goals in my graduate study and then my professional career. If I successfully obtained the master degree; I will have the ability and knowledge to contribute significantly to construct a modern sustainable infrastructures which makes the people’s lives easier and safer away from hazards, bringing structural solutions which can help Sudan and developing nations to overcome natural hazards effect, share the knowledge and teach college students since it is quite important for me to deliver the knowledge and experience to graduates and junior engineers to lessen the gap between theoretical aspects and practical ones, and to apply what I’ve learned to improve scientific research in Sudan. I own a strong desire to develop our surroundings and improve the everyday lives of people. The community would not be able to function as it does without the work of dedicated and creative structural engineers. The structures
The main function of the average mall is to satisfy one’s insatiable hunger for entertainment. The Southside Works Shopping Center, like most other malls, chose to provide this entertainment through food, movies, and shopping. My experience at the Cheesecake Factory reaffirmed many of the beliefs I already about the mall and indirectly represented a lot of ideas brought forth by the concept. It is a restaurant with an over-priced menu that is nearly thirty pages long. This monstrous menu even has advertisements in it. It’s the only restaurant that can get away with having both a hamburger and orange chicken as selections. This place not only represents the sheer abundance of malls, but also the indecisiveness of its inhabitants. People go to malls because they are pre-packaged containers that ...