Public health nurse has an important role to the community by providing health services to many people who are not able to afford medical services. In the case scenario provided, nurse Jill’s role is to screen tuberculosis and to track people who have tuberculosis in a high risk population (homeless population). According to Center for Disease and Prevention (2012), tuberculosis is caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis and it is transmitted through the air from one person to another via cough, sneezes, and speaking. In the case scenario Jose tested positive for tuberculosis. Jose can have latent tb infection or tb disease. If a person has latent infection, he/she may be asymptomatic and not infectious. However, if Jose have active tb disease, he will feel sick and can possibly spread the bacteria to other people. The people who are at risk of contracting tuberculosis from Jose are the people he spends with every day (people who work and live in the homeless shelter, and the people who are nearby him when he cough, sneeze, and speak) According to Harkness and DeMarco (2016, p. 110), “epidemiologic triad is the classic model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment, not by single factor.” In the case scenario, the host is Jose, the …show more content…
Primary prevention prevents disease or injury from happening. Jill used primary intervention through tb education program (teaching the class about screenings and who are at risk). Secondary prevention purpose is to lessen the impact of disease or injury. Jill used secondary intervention by enrolling Jose in directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis. Tertiary prevention pupose is to reduce the impact of an illness or injury. Jill helped Jose manage his tuberculosis and improve his quality of life through DOT for tuberculosis, and providing hotel room and
There are two types of Tuberculosis: Latent TB infection and TB disease. Latent TB is the infection that occurs in a patient who has not been previously exposed to the disease and has not been sensitized. TB Disease occurs when the immune system is not able to fend off the disease and the bacteria become active and multiply. Of patients who contract the disease, approximately 5% of them actually develop TB to the full extent.
Table (1): Presented the demographic characteristics of the studied nurses, it displayed that the mean age of nurses was (40.62±9.339) years. Concerning their education, these qualifications had (90.3%) diploma of nursing. As regards to years of experience was (79.5%) more than ten years. (74.1%) of nurses did not attend any training courses related to waste management. Also, as regards to vaccination against virus B and tetanus, all the studied nurses did not receive any vaccination.
Signs and Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a slender, rod-shaped, aerobic bacillus which causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborn infection which is transmitted via inhaling droplet nuclei circulating in the air. These droplets are expelled from the respiratory secretion of people who have active TB through coughing, sneezing, and talking (Porth, 2011). Some bacilli stay in the upper airway and are swept out by mucus-secreting goblet cells and cilia on the surface of the airway.
Vincent nurses, provides a framework for professional nursing practice guided this research. As the business of healthcare is about taking care of people, the model starts with the patient, and their family, as the central focus. Surrounding the patient, are the concepts of mind, body and spirit, which cause us to think holistically regarding the care provided. Finally, the core values/ faith based practices, guide us in managing our patients in a way that is consist with our culture/ values, supportive of our professional growth, encourages the use of best practices, that result in better outcomes, and makes us productive in a way the encourages giving back outside the hospital as well (Stone, 2011).
been previously touched by an infected person, will transmit the disease to the healthy person who
On November 17th, 2015 I had an observation clinical shadowing a Registered Nurse in Case Management. Case management is a side of nursing that is not brought up very often. We started off the shift in the nurse’s office. Morgan, the nurse, had a meeting to attend at 9:00am, so we stayed in her office to get organized for the day.
One of the first steps to treating Tuberculosis is identifying which form has developed in the body. The two forms that could progress in the body are latent Tuberculosis infection and active Tuberculosis infection (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Latent Tuberculosis is the dormant form of the bacteria, meaning that it is inactive and doesn?t cause an infectious reaction in the body. Even if the latent form enters the body, treatment should be sought (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Latent Tuberculosis can become active Tuberculosis easily though, especially if the immune system is compromised by another infection, like HIV (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Active Tuberculosis infects the body immediately. Symptoms show in the body meaning the bacteria is effecting the cells of the body. Identifying the form is important because treatment is dependent upon it. Testing for TB involves a skin test, usually within seven work-days of contact with the bacteria. Without knowing what is in the body, the drugs won?t be as effective and might even cause drug-resistance.
Many nurses face the issue of understaffing and having too much of a workload during one shift. When a unit is understaffed not only do the nurses get burnt out, but the patients also don’t receive the care they deserve. The nurse-patient ratio is an aspect that gets overlooked in many facilities that could lead to possible devastating errors. Nurse- patient ratio issues have been a widely studied topic and recently new changes have been made to improve the problem.
A model is a simplified representation of the structure and content of a phenomenon or system that describes or explains the complex relationships between concepts within the system and integrates elements of theory and practice (Creek et al 1993).
Tuberculosis, until a health care provider or health official states that the child can attend child care;
Prevention consists of the measures that are implemented to prevent occurrence of a disease or a condition and are directed towards eliminating or minimizing the impact of disease and disability. Prevention, being an emerging concept, calls for a lot of attention because the health of any individual is determinant of any other activity they carry out. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the concepts of prevention as used in the nursing profession.
It is highly infectious, and can be passed on by contaminated particles in the air (Lerner and Lerner). However, since there was limited technology during the era, there were many different theories regarding the cause. Many considered the possibility of emotional causes. “Limited scientific knowledge regarding disease pathology opened the door to inductive speculation that tuberculosis might be caused directly or indirectly by the emotion, imagination, and creativity so obvious in its most famous victims.” (Boan 705-709) People believed that an individual could get the disease just from being too artistic or creative. Because of this, many strayed away from being open to artistic skills, or expressing creativity. In addition, Tuberculosis was also being associated with poverty and the environment. “…tuberculosis was also considered to be a sign of poverty or an inevitable outcome of the process of industrial civilization. About 40% of working-class deaths in cities were from tuberculosis.” ("Tuberculosis in Europe and North America, 1800–1922") There were many possible causes that the people of the Victorian Era were trying to figure out, though they were about to start a new journey of experiencing the actual effects of this unmerciful
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that affects the lungs caused by an acid-fast bacillus M. tuberculosis (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010, p. 1293). It is also considered as the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease worldwide. It is highly contagious and the mode of transmission is by airborne droplets. A person can be exposed to the infection but not develop the illness, which is called latent TB infection. Unless the person is immunocompromised, some people remain asymptomatic until the disease is advanced. Signs and symptoms of TB includes fatigue, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, and low grade fever that occurs in the afternoon. Diagnosis of the disease can be made through positive tuberculin skin test, sputum culture, immunoassays, and chest radiographs.
Worldwide Tuberculosis is caused by M.bovis and M.africanum, in addition to M.tuberculosis. This is likely due to closer interactions between people and livestock, another host for the organisms. Transmissions to humans from susceptible animal species and their products like milk is also possible. It affects lungs and respiratory tract. With the advent of the AIDS epidemic, there has been a steady yearly increase in the number of global TB cases. In the United States, this disease mostly occurs among homeless, elderly and malnourished, or among alcoholic males, minorities and immigrants. The majority of active cases result from reactivation of old, dormant infections.
Tuberculosis has plagued mankind for a long time. This disease, which was previously believed to be eradicated, has once again shown up and begun attacking the lives of many humans. Tuberculosis infects a third of the population and kills a fraction of them. Many approaches have been used including different varieties of infection control, bodily defenses, and treatments to try to protect humans from tuberculosis. The best way to prevent tuberculosis infections is to contain the source of tuberculosis. The most common source of tuberculosis infection is from infected humans. By diagnosing, containing, and treating people with latent tuberculosis before they get active, contagious tuberculosis, tuberculosis can be quickly contained. Once someone has been diagnosed with TB, they should be placed under isolation.