i) The two stakeholders that could become involved with the development near Greenhills Beach are the local council and the community.
For the local council, they will most likely oppose the Greenhills development, as it is in their best interests to protect the beach from pollution and to keep it available for the public to use. The council could allow the development to occur, but with strict regulations and environmental laws in place.
The community is a crucial stakeholder where the development will cause disruption to their daily lives and limit the ability to use the beach for recreational purposes. A select few may support the development as it provides more employment opportunities.
ii) Groynes are structures produced from rock or stone, in which they protrude out from the beach into the sea. They are a form of hard
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By trapping sand from leaving the beach, it minimises the effects of longshore drift for the areas of beach located near the groyne.
The financial and social disadvantages of constructing groynes are that it requires constant maintenance by the local council and the groynes are visually displeasing to the community. Constructing groynes will also worsen the problems occurring with longshore drift in other areas, as the opposite end of the beach is deprived of sand and the blockage prevents other beaches from being replenished.
Question 2
i) A strategy that could be used to reduce the impact of the 2016 storms would be to implement a sea wall. It is a strong, solid wall produced using concrete or steel and implemented near beaches and coastal residential areas. A sea wall is able to serve as a barrier to shield the environment, urban and residential areas from being affected by erosion and storm surges from a nearby
middle of paper ... ... Site 1 Grid Reference: 211690 Types of Management: - Recurved Sea Wall - Wooden groynes Site 2 Grid Reference: 205687 Types of Management: - Straight Sea Wall - Wooden groynes Site 3 Grid Reference: 201686 Types of Management: - Rip rap boulders Site 4 Grid Reference: 222693 Types of Management: - No management, all natural. Managed retreat. Site 5 Grid Reference: 228695 Types of Management: - Rip rap boulders - Rip rap rock groynes - Wooden groynes - Revetment Site 1 is near Herne Bay and the sites are along the coastline towards Reculver in a North East direction. Site 5 is situated on the beach below the Twin Towers at Reculver.
However, if any action is taken to defend the coastline, if you hinder in nature's course of beach erosion, there will always be after effects resulting from unnatural intrusion. This proves that any sea defence could prove a problem especially with the land owned by Nation Trust. Nevertheless if you could prove to the owners of the land to the extent of which erosion is taken place and show them how much LSD is affecting the area, action may well become a better option.
It is being managed by the local council in two different ways. These include; a rip-rap wall, dune stabilization. The rip-rap wall consists of large rocks which have been piled up at an angle. Behind the rip-rap wall the land use is mainly commercial, but there is also some residential land-use. This method has been used because human land-use is right on top of the ocean, and in order to defend these buildings a hard option is required.
New Orleans is a city that is rich in culture as well as history. The city is in effect, an island – Lake Pontchartrain surrounds the city to the north, the Mississippi River to the west and south, and a bevy of lakes – including Lake Borne to the east. Surrounding the city is a series of levees to keep these bodies of water at bay. In addition to these levees, the only defense the city has is a series of canals and a very antiquated pumping system. However, the same levees that protect the city, makes it a death trap should a major hurricane make a direct hit to the metropolitan area. The risk of intense flooding brought forth by storm surges of 20+ feet would wipe the city out.
We saw that there was vegetation, which had been planted on the sand dunes near Dunwich Heath. There is also fencing around the dunes to stop them being eroded through people walking on them. Coastal Protection At Aldeburgh Text Box: Fig 4.1Text Box: In Aldeburgh however, the types of protection involve 'hard' protection. These are man-made objects. At Aldeburgh, three hard protection methods have been employed, and one soft method.
The whole island is in the shape of a giant square with white sandy beaches full of people sunbathing, swimming and fishing right on the shoreline. From the end of the hot pavement parking lot to shore of the beach is an ocean of soft white sand. The pearlescent white sand seems to know how to invade every nook and cranny almost as if it enjoys it. Walking around the beach on the fluffy whiteness surrounding the parking lot, the seagulls are fighting over scraps of food on the ground. “Sandy beach ecosystems provide invaluable services to humankind. Their functions have been exploited through history, with significant anthropogenic effects (Lucrezi, 2015)”. This white sandy beach is a beautiful refuge from the mundane grind of everyday life. The smell of the misty ocean air mixed with the sound of seagulls hovering above and kids playing is a tonic for the mind. The feel of the sand between their toes and the waves crashing over them as people swim in the water, or the jerk of a fishing pole when someone is catching a fish makes Fred Howard Park one of the best places to relax. Standing on the beach looking out on the water, people are kayaking and windsurfing. The lifeguards watching vigilantly in their bright red shirt and shorts, blowing their whistles when they see someone being unsafe. After a long day of swimming and laying around visitors head back over the soft white sand to the showers, in order to rinse off the menacing sand that clings to everything like a bad habit. Everyone rushes over the hot pavement burning their feet to reach their cars so they can put away their beach paraphernalia which is still covered in the white sand, nearly impossible to completely leave behind, so when they get home it serves as a reminder of where they were that
There are many different types of coasts that exist throughout the United States. The south shore of Long Island has a unique types of coast known as a barrier beach. Barrier beaches are long narrow land forms that are composed of sand and other lose sediments. These sediments are brought together by the actions of waves, currents and storm surges. Barrier beaches are subject to constant changes by the same forces. Sand is constantly eroded in one area an deposited in another. Barrier coasts are important for a number of reasons; they protect the mainland of Long Island from the open ocean and flooding during storms, for recreational use and the unique ecosystems which exist on barrier beaches.
Imagine a family sitting at home watching a calm game of baseball, when suddenly they realize that a massive wall of water is approaching the neighborhood. Where did this flash flood come from, a reader might ask? The wall of water was made by the raging winds and immense power of Hurricane Andrew. Hurricane Andrew was the second most expensive storm in history that destroyed over 250,000 homes in the states of Florida and Louisiana alone. Hurricane Andrew was not predicted to make landfall, so when it did many civilians did not have any idea that the Hurricane was coming until it was almost too late.
Problems can arise if these facilities are out of keeping with the setting or when local residents feel they are an unnecessary addition to the area. * Overcrowding Overcrowding can occur when the number of people at a particular site or location exceeds the capacity of the place to handle them. This is generally a seasonal problem. * Wear and Tear Visitors can cause physical damage to the coastal area without realising it. Much of the damage is unintentional, such as at Lulworth where the path between the Cove and Durdle Door is eroding due to the volume of visitors using it through the summer months.
There are many stakeholders in this case and each stakeholder could be affected in various situations.
Some of the damage done by Hurricane Katrina could have potentially been avoided if protection systems were installed to the proper extents. In Louisiana, “some parts of the metro area continue to lack hurricane protection built to federal standards” (Webster). Had the greater Louisiana area been better protected, it is very likely that more people would have survived and the total cost of the storm been less. Even in areas where levees...
It is important to include and identify stakeholders in the policy development process. By doing so, the stakeholder ca...
One of the major effects of global warming is the rise of sea level due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to the melting of land ice. Now there are dozens of land areas that sit well below sea level and the majority of those land areas are very well populated. At least 40 percent of the world 's population lives within 62 miles of the ocean, putting millions of lives and billions of dollars ' worth of property and infrastructure at risk. (Juliet Christian-Smith, 2011) This means if the sea level rises to the projected level of 25 meters (82 feet) half of the world will retreat back to the ocean. (Rohrer, 2007) Also rising sea levels means higher tides and storm surges riding on ever-higher seas which are more dangerous to people and coastal inf...
The problem with contaminated beaches will soon take effect on everyone. The main causes that pollution creates in the beaches are from heavy rainfall, natural disasters, and plant malfunctions. Government agencies cannot control the weather, but they can control what goes into the water. In the United States, the number one reason why beaches are closed down are due to contamination in the water that may be harmful and are left untreated. The arising problem with the beach is that the industries are producing toxic chemicals and tossing the unwanted waste into the ocean. Also, the public are recklessly throwing their trash out into the streets. A prime example to demonstrate this is, if someone was trying to throw a bottle into a street trashcan but missed, he/she is unlikely to pick up after himself/herself if no one was around to see it. This scenario causes pollution to the sidewalks. When mother nature disasters occur, these waste products will end up in the storm drains and into the sewage system. The overflow of debri from the cities can flow into the rivers and if not preserved, it can flow into the ocean. The rivers will then carry these human caused waste into t...