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Nature of contract in construction
Questions on the types of Contracts
Nature and structure of construction contract
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3) BOT (BUILD, OPERATE AND TRANSFER)
DEFINITION
BOT basically is a type of contract which involves two sectors that are private and government. The government requested the private sector to provide some infrastructure for the living, so that it can helps in the development of the country. The non-government sector will design, provide finances, construct and also operates the facility (building, school, road, etc.). After some period of time, the ownership will be transferred back to government. It is possible because of the process of concession where the private sector will take the benefits from the operation of the building and then after the concession finished, the ownership can be given to government.
In other words, BOT can also be define as one type of developing technique by the involvement of private initiative. The type of building usually build is to serve the public such as school, hospitals, roads, bridges, water system, airports and any other social facilities. BOT is also one type of business by the private sector where they undertake development and operation norm...
... economic system, one that needs no interference, and needs to type of larger organization involvement.
The paper presents a detailed discussion on implementation of BIM in a construction project by defining a BIM team in the various phases of construction i.e. from conception to commissioning. Also, the paper presents a brief discussion on processing the information utilizing the i-rooms.
Design – Build – Maintain: Public sector operates and finances the project and the private partner’s roll is to design, construct and maintain the facility for a specified time
...nd and buildings, those particular classes and groups in the capitalist system is mainly through control of these spaces feature to shape and influence the shape and organization of urban space.” It's like urban design and the use of space in Hong Kong, mainly by the government to play the role of planners to develop policies and direction, re- organization of urban space , to make "every urban space being misused, back up valuable space." establish minds think for people to meet planners use city. However, planners often ignore or deny the use of urban space by practical considerations, especially in the urban renewal project, the land was divided and re-use, along with shopping malls, commercial or residential with landmark buildings, etc. completed properties, which is becoming gentrified and "gentrification" of the problem mansion up reconstruction projects led.
Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.
The department requested to make a report depicting the strategies the organization may begin the development process with. In this report, the two types of building construction systems were mentioned. After being mentioned, their difference was discussed. Traditional building system development alludes to houses worked in square and block. In spite of the fact that block is utilized countrywide as an external skin or 'confronting material ', it is frequently substituted with neighborhood quarried stone or a reconstituted reproduction. Regardless of the utilization of the term 'customary ', brickwork development has fused numerous cutting edge improvements and has made some amazing progress subsequent to the times of strong stone dividers. Upgrades in specialized configuration, materials, and frill items have improved the execution of these structures fundamentally regarding basic uprightness, warm proficiency, and dampness assurance. Progress has prompted advancements, for example, meager joint frameworks with Air Crete squares. As mentioned in the report, the traditional building system is the most commonly used in any construction project. But the mechanized system has more options and saves much time and manpower. Also in the mechanized system, it is all about the machines. Which means fewer errors will occur and fewer delays to the submission of the project. In the mechanized building system, a project will not stop due to any weather problem unlike in the traditional building system. The mechanized building system saves time, effort, and produces high quality of
The main important role of the Project Management in the construction industry is to make everyone work towards the same goal that must be aligned with the strategic objectives of the company. One of the most relevant differences between any Project Management and the ones working on the Construction industry is the knowledge and skill in certain areas related to the field, it is essential to have a good understanding of construction methods, materials, scheduling and blueprint reading as well as knowledge in communication and leadership skills. In construction technology plays an important aspect to considered, for a Project Management it is important to be updated in any new technology used by construction companies. (Dykstra, 2011)
In building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they different on sub-categorizing. The International Building Code uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. In addition to subcategories with letters for each five classes and the amount of fire resistance provided for each building. NFPA uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. Unlike the IBC, NFPA uses a 3-digit number system behind that to sub categorize the fire hourly rating for the load-bearing walls, for the beams and columns, and for the floor construction. The IBC and NFPA breaks down construction in to five classes, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V.
In the United States, construction has always been one of the most dangerous industries to work in. The number of fatalities that occur in this industry year after year demonstrate this. In 2014, 19.6% of worker fatalities, in private industry, were in construction (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015) despite the industry comprising only 6.8% of the total work force. This epidemic is not unique to the United States. Essentially every country faces similar problems regarding construction safety. For example, in 2004 the Australian construction industry employed approximately 8% of the countries workforce. However, workers compensation statistics indicated that the industry’s incidence rate was 28.6 per 1000 employees, nearly twice the overall industry average (Zou, Redman & Windon, 2008). Efforts to improve upon these dismal statistics have intensified in recent years in large part due to the escalation of successful liability suits and the effect the rising cost of workers compensation insurance has on a company’s ability to do business.
Case studies are a vital part in psychology when obtaining information on an individual, community or an organization. By taking these groups or subgroups the psychologist can identify the problem and attempt to find solutions towards the problem. Case studies are meant to serve as a tool towards guiding the psychologist in any attempts to conduct a new solution on a current issue. It is important that when a case study is being produced, that the test subjects are not tampered with and that the information obtained in a case study remain confidential in its case material responsibility. Through a properly conducted case study, the psychologist can attempt to discover new concepts that help solve modern day problems either within an individual
According to the bureau of labor (2016)” employment in construction management is suppose to grow five percent from 2014 to 2024, about as fast as an average
The People’s Republic of China has been one of the key growers of the global middle class throughout the past decades. It houses a middle class population of approximately 300 million people. A massive shift is occurring to increase marketing and increasing urban middle class populations in China. Millions of people are being encouraged to move to the cities which will springboard economic growth through domestic consumption. In addition to urbanization and consumption, the PRC is investing in programs designed to boost infrastructure, healthcare and education. This includes new transportation technology, designed to make domes...
In general, there are different types of procurement type for various situations, due to no one method can be suitable under the all different construction project. In this case, there are four procurement paths, which are traditional, design and build, management and design and manage, which will be advised to use. However, each method has different advantages and disadvantages. First, traditional path is the tender documents have been prepared and then invite the tender and the employer appoints the contractor to construct the project. There are several advantages of this traditional route in the construction industry.
Risk management is a process used in all industries to reduce the risk. The Risk management tool usage changes from sector to sector and hence each sector has developed their own risk management tools and methodologies to mitigate the risk. But the concept remains the same behind all the tools (Ropel, 2011). The main steps for risk management irrespective of the sector are:
...k which can be any part from production to delivery, may be some sort of trainings will be provided to the workers so that they can operate machineries or for some particular task. This training will increase the skill of the economy’s workforce which means more people will be skillful or they will be able to produce more efficiently and they will allocate resources in the most productive manner. This all will lead to future economy boost although this boost will be on slow pace but it is for sure.