Activation of Zero-Valent Magnesium using Acetic Acid for the Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide in Ethanol
Abstract
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a cyclic peroxide, is an explosive frequently used by terrorists and amateur chemists due to the ease of synthesis and the availability of reagents. A degradation method for degrading TATP in ethanol (EtOH) was proposed using an activated, zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg) system. Different acids were tested to determine their effectiveness in activating Mg for the degradation of TATP, and short chain carboxylic acids, particularly acetic acid, were observed to have the greatest effect on the TATP degradation rate. Other ZVMg systems were also tested including ZVMg mechanically alloyed
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The TATP/EtOH solution was exposed to 0.25 g of Mg, Mg/Pd, or Mg/C. For statistical analysis, all experiments were performed in duplicate. Depending on the individual kinetic study, the different quantities of acid were added immediately after the addition of the TATP solution to the metal. Any unreacted TATP was extracted using toluene, and the reaction mixture was filtered using a nylon Puradisc® syringe filter (2 μm pore size) to remove the reacted metal. Water was added to the extracted solution to remove the EtOH from the toluene layer, and the sample was shaken for 2 min then centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 4 min. The organic layer was then removed for analysis using …show more content…
1, ZVMg in EtOH (with no acid) did not readily degrade TATP during the 4.5 hour reaction time period. Due the inactivity of ZVMg in the degradation of TATP in EtOH, attempts were made to activate the ZVMg particles in EtOH. Mg/Pd had been used to degrade TATP in a water/methanol solvent [12], thus the mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd was also tested in EtOH solvent. Similar to the ZVMg system, TATP degradation was not achieved using the mechanically alloyed Mg/Pd in EtOH (Fig. 2). Additional methods were then attempted to activate the ZVMg and Mg/Pd systems for the degradation of TATP in
The goal of this two week lab was to examine the stereochemistry of the oxidation-reduction interconversion of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The purpose of first week was to explore the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone and see how the reduction of the ketone will affect the stereoselectivity. The purpose of first week is to oxidize the alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, to ketone just so that it can be reduced back into the alcohol to see how OH will react. The purpose of second week was to reduce 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol from first week and determine the effect of the product's diastereoselectivity by performing reduction procedures using sodium borohydride The chemicals for this lab are sodium hypochlorite, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone
Wittig reactions allow the generation of an alkene from the reaction between an aldehyde/ketone and an alkyl halide (derived from phosphonium salt).The mechanism for the synthesis of trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene first requires the formation of the phosphonium salt by the addition of triphenylphosphine and alkyl halide. The phosphonium halide is produced through the nucleophilic substitution of 1° and 2° alkyl halides and triphenylphosphine (the nucleophile and weak base). An example is benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, which was used in this experiment. The second step in the formation of the of the Wittig reagent, which is primarily called a ylide and derived from a phosphonium halide. In the formation of the ylide, the phosphonium ion in benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride is deprotonated by the base, sodium hydroxide to produce the ylide as shown in equation 1.
DH=-285.5 kJ/mol. In this investigation, we will be working with potentially dangerous chemicals and safety precautions must be made. Magnesium oxide is a respiratory and eye irritant, the dust must not be inhaled and all work with MgO should be conducted in the fume hood ( Cartwright, 2002). Hydrochloric acid is extremely corrosive, inhalation of the vapor can cause serious injury, ingestion could be fatal, and the liquid can cause severe damage to the skin and eyes; when working with HCl splash goggles and gloves should be worn, and work should be conducted in a well ventilated area (Cartwright, 2002). Materials and Methods --------------------- Goggles - Lab apron - Magnesium oxide MgO - 1g. Lab balance 100mL graduated cylinder Hydrochloric acid HCl - 200mL/.5M. - 2 plastic foam cups - thermometer - cover for cup - Magnesium (Mg) ribbon - 600mL beaker (base for calorimeter) - 400mL beaker (transportation of acid).
Some possible errors raised during the synthesis and spectrometric analysis of TPCP include the insufficient mixing of the hexane and TPCP, in which will result in the low absorbance of the compound. Additionally, the low yield is contributed from the loss of product during filtration.
We thank the University of Oklahoma and the chemistry faculty for providing the space, instructions, and equipment for the development of this report and experiment.
Purpose/Introduction: In this experiment, four elimination reactions were compared and contrasted under acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOC(CO3)3) conditions. Acid-catalyzed dehydration was done on 2-butanol and 1-butanol; a 2o and 1o alcohol, respectively. The base-induced dehydrobromination was performed on 2-bromobutane and 1-bromobutane isomeric halides. The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the four reactions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine product distribution (assuming that the amount of each product in the gas mixture is proportional to the area under its complementary GC peak).
Missouri Department Of Health And Senior Services Section For Environmental Public Health. 2014. Swimming Pool and Spa Water Chemistry. [e-book] Missouri: nitt.edu. p. 14, 15. Available through: nitt.edu http://www.nitt.edu/home/students/facilitiesnservices/sportscenter/swimmingpool/Swim-pool-chemistry.pdf [Accessed: 30 Mar 2014].
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
In a small reaction tube, the tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.110 g, 0.28 mmol) was added into the dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (0.1 mL) and nitrobenzene (1 mL) along with a boiling stick. The color of the mixed solution was purple. The solution was then heated to reflux until it turned into a tan color. After the color change has occurred, ethanol (3 mL) was stirred into the small reaction tube. After that, the small reaction tube was placed in an ice bath until the solid was formed at the bottom of the tube. Then, the solution with the precipitate was filtered through vacuum filtration and washed with ethanol. The precipitate then was dried and weighed. The final product was dimethyl tertraphenylpthalate (0.086 g, 0.172mmol, 61.42%).
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
David and John Free. (26 Nov 2006). MadSci Network: Chemistry. Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-02/1171045656.Ch.r.html
9. When all magnesium has reacted, remove the lid and heat strongly for 5 minutes
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/