The community that I am going to talk about is Nanaimo. Nanaimo is located on the east coast of Vancouver Island, BC Canada, 113 km north of Victoria and 23 km west of Vancouver across the Straight of Georgia. It has the specific coordinates of 49o 09’ 51” N and 123o 56’ 11” W. Nanaimo has various names. The first visitors from Spain called it Winthuysen Inslet or Boca de Winthuysen after the Spanish explorer. The first English settlers called it Colville Town after Andrew Collville, governor of the Hudson Bay Company. The HBC established a fortified post in 1849 and discovered coal in 1852 which led to a permanent settlement. The building of the Bastion occurred in 1853. The city was incorporated in 1874.After coal mining peaked in the 1920s, forestry and the pulp and paper industry replaced it. The aboriginal Salish who lived here called it Snuneymuxm which meant gathering place. The name Nanaimo was the English corrupted version of the Salish name. It is called the Hub City or Harbour City because of where it is located. It also has the unique distinction of being the Bathtub Rac...
Steckley, J., & Cummins, B. D. (2008). Full circle: Canada's First Nations (2nd ed.). Toronto:
Upper Canada was in the tumultuous process of settlement during the nineteenth century. From 1800-1860, wheat and flour exports went from a negligible amount to peak at 13 billion bushels in 1860.1 It is important to understand the rapid nature of settlement to contextualize life in rural Upper Canada. From 1805-1840, the population increased by over eight hundred percent.2 Many of these were Irish emigrants, even in the period preceding the famine; these pre-Famine Irish emigrants were predominantly “middling farmers,” «c'est à dire des fermiers cultivant des terres petites ou moyennes, ceux qui ont été le plus durement touchés par la baisse soudaine des prix des produits agricoles à la fin des guerres napoléoniennes [en Europe]».3 Many of the emigrants settled into townships and villages on the agricultural frontier, such as the Biddul...
This article study will define the important aspects of space and racial identity that are defined through Canadian Constitutional law in “When Place Becomes Race” by Sherene H. Razack. Razack (2002) the historical premise of a “white settler society” as the foundation for spatial hierarchies in the Canadian society, which reflect a racial divide in the community. The white settler society was based on the Anti-Terrorism Act, within Canadian law, which reflects the post-9/11 culture of the Canadian government that has become racialized in the early portion of the 21st century. Razack utilizes the important method of “unmapping” to reconstruct the racial histories that
Thom, Brian, and Laura Cameron. 2005 "Changing Land Use in SolhTemexw (Our Land): Population, Transportation, Ecology and Heritage". In You are Asked to Witness: The Sto:lo in Canada's Pacific Coast History, ed. Keith Thor Carlson, pp. 163-180. Chilliwack: Sto:lo Heritage Trust.
"Contact & Conflict: First Nations, French, & English in Canada." Canada's First Peoples. N.p., 2007. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. .
Although the Canadian government has done a great deal to repair the injustices inflicted on the First Nations people of Canada, legislation is no where near where it needs to be to ensure future protection of aboriginal rights in the nation. An examination of the documents that comprise the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms reveal that there is very little in the supreme legal documents of the nation that protect aboriginal rights. When compared with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples it is clear that the Canadian Constitution does not acknowledge numerous provisions regarding indigenous people that the UN resolution has included. The most important of these provisions is the explicit recognition of First Nations rights to their traditional lands, which have a deep societal meaning for aboriginal groups. Several issues must be discussed to understand the complex and intimate relationship all aboriginal societies have with the earth. Exploration into the effects that the absence of these rights has had the Cree of the Eastern James Bay area, will provide a more thorough understanding of the depth of the issue. Overall, the unique cultural relationship First Nations people of Canada have with Mother Earth needs to be incorporated into the documents of the Canadian Constitution to ensure the preservation and protection of Canadian First Nations cultural and heritage rights.s
"On the Musqueam Reserve, Canada's First Citizens Welcome Its Newest." The Globe and Mail. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 May 2014.
In Canada, there are roughly 617 first nations groups spanning from the east to the west coast. The were the first people to cultivate the land, explore the territory, and created permanent community. Since the introduction of European settlers to today's multicultural society. The First Nations groups have experienced many difficulties. These days the Peoples of Plateau located in B.C. have united to take "The Trans Mountain pipeline" to court. The Peoples of the Plateau feel this pipeline expansion project affects their nation socially, economically, politically and environmentally.
Sandwell, Ruth Wells; Woloshen, Mark. Snapshots of 19th century Canada : a unit on nine selected events viewed from the perspectives of French and English Canadians, aboriginal peoples and recent immigrants. Richmond, B.C. : Critical Thinking Cooperative, 2002.
Canadian history has shaped Canada's future for centuries now. Without the great explorers of their time, and maybe even our time, provinces and territories, gulfs, bays, rivers and land would be lost and undiscovered for many years. Our great country can thank many brave and brilliant explorers and their crew, for founding our name, and creating such an amazing land. Jacques Cartier, John Cabot and Henry Hudson, all managed to explore much of Canada. Through discovering the islands of Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island to locating the Hudson Bay, these 3 explores endure Canada's harsh winters, famine, scurvy and much more, to begin the great discover of all of Canada.
acquired by Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris of 1763. The mass majority of
"Oh, Canada! | Cultural Survival." Oh, Canada! | Cultural Survival. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2014. .
Often listed on top of the world's best cities to live in, Vancouver is a young, modern and multicultural city located in Canada`s west coast. With its leading-edge way of thinking, Vancouver quickly emerged as the third largest city in Canada. Considered one of the most beautiful and charming cities in Canada, the city is surrounded by sea, forests, rivers and mountains and at the same time has bustling urban areas. Life in Vancouver is full of unforgettable events and spectacular discoveries. Walking through the streets, you can see Indians, Vietnamese, French, Germans, Iranians, Greeks, Argentines and, of course, Brazilians. As the city is open to influences, the visitor or student quickly feels at home. The surrounding nature, temperate climate, and its outdoor activities all contribute for the abundant quality of life found in Vancouver.
Vancouver was initially founded as a fort in the summer and fall of 1827[2.3]. Hudson’s Bay Company built Fort Langley as a trading post on the south side of the Fraser River. The fort was subsequently moved upstream to be closer to its farms in 1839[2.3&6]. The fort was built along the river because the river was an important trade route for both the fort and the natives to the area[1]. This fort, while trading large quantities of merchandise with the local natives, only truly controlled what was within its walls and had very little effect on the native control of the area[2.3].
A small archipelago off the northwest coast of Britsh Columbia is known as the “islands of the people.” This island is diverse in both land and sea environment. From the 1700’s when the first ship sailed off its coast and a captain logged about the existence, slow attentiveness was given to the island. Its abundance, in both natural resources physical environment, and its allure in the concealed Haida peoples, beckoned settlers to come to the island. Settlers would spark an era of prosperity and catastrophe for the native and environmental populations.