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Scientific research and data collection
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A Comparison of Crime Rates in Different Areas
I have gathered a great deal of information, conducted surveys and
questionnaires, completed statistical tests and created illustrated
maps to help me establish whether crime is higher in an inner city
area like Spinney Hill when compared to a suburban area like Knighton.
At the very start of this project I created an aim. This aim provided
a starting point to this project and thus a goal to achieve. In my
opinion I believe that I have achieved this aim as I have collected a
substantial amount of evidence to aid me in approving or disproving my
main hypothesis.
This coursework was centred on my main hypothesis which I was to test
to see whether it was an accurate or inaccurate statement.
Main hypothesis: “As an inner city area Spinney Hill will have a
higher crime rate than the Suburb of Knighton”
In order to test this main hypothesis I created five sub-hypotheses to
analyse and see whether they were true and thus provide further
evidence and support that the above main hypothesis was correct or
incorrect. These sub-hypotheses were as follows:
1- Fear of crime will be higher in Spinney Hill
2- Security measures will be lower in Knighton
3- Unemployment breeds crime in Spinney Hill
4- Spinney Hill has a higher population so thus a higher crime rate.
5- Environmental quality will be higher in Knighton
My first hypothesis was carried out by conducting a fear of crime
questionnaire in both wards. I gathered a great deal of information
from this questionnaire to help me determine whether an inner city
area like Spinney Hill has a higher crime rate than a suburb li...
... middle of paper ...
...naccurate and some of the statistical methods I used were a bit vague
in producing a firm conclusion. To overcome this problem I feel that I
could have made some improvements while carrying out my
investigations. While conducting my questionnaires and surveys I only
asked 10 residents from each ward. To make the data I collected from
these questionnaires and surveys more accurate and reliable I could
question more than 10 residents from each ward. This may give me a
better representation of the ward as a whole by providing me with more
data to analyse.
Overall I feel that this investigation was a success as I was able to
utilise data from my primary and secondary research efficiently and
resourcefully and thus deduce that my main hypothesis of inner city
areas having higher crime rates than suburban areas is correct.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.
Unemployment in the city limits further feeds the belly of poverty. Unemployment rates for Richmond in August 2013 were 8.2% (United States Department of Labor, 2013). These rates represent only those that are documented as unemployed and does not consider the “under employed” as they may be working but not getting paid for a full work week. These unemployment rates would likely be higher if they were accurate and all inclusive of the unemployed in Richmond. The unemployment rate for the entire state of Virginia was reported at 5.8% in August 2013 (United States Department of Labor). The unemployment rate is related to education. There are not enough good paying jobs to support those who did not finish basic high school. There are not enough good paying jobs to reach citizens of the city that do not have adequate transportation.
Although I feel that other things can contribute to there being crime in urban neighborhoods. I felt as though the three topics that I have stated could possibly be the root of these problems. Ultimately, the one thing that stood out to me, and what I emphasized on a lot was location. The area in which a person is brought up leaves a huge impression on a person. What I feel that Elijah Anderson emphasizes is that in different locations and especially in urban areas two peoples definition of normal and decent can be completely different because they weren’t brought up in the same
think that people in society do not feel they can trust or rely on the
Crime has always been a hot topic in sociology. There are many different reasons for people to commit criminal acts. There is no way to pinpoint the source of crime. I am going to show the relationship between race and crime. More specifically, I will be discussing the higher chances of minorities being involved in the criminal justice system than the majority population, discrimination, racial profiling and the environment criminals live in.
Is it a coincidence that highly urbanized areas are full of crime and always statistically higher than small towns and rural areas? A child that is being brought up in a metropolitan area that is full of violent crimes is flooded in a sense and has nothing to do but to breath in some of the negative influences that go on around him. Therefore, I believe that the most influential scene in a child’s life is the neighborhood that he grows up in. Parents cannot constantly watch over their children, ask about whom they are hanging out with, constantly check where they are, and find out what they are getting themselves into? (Statistics p348)
Hot spot policing is based on the idea that some criminal activities occur in particular areas of a city. According to researchers crime is not spread around the city instead is concentrated in small places where half of the criminal activities occur (Braga chapter 12). Also, many studies has demonstrated that hot spots do show significant positive results suggesting that when police officers put their attention on small high crime geographic areas they can reduce criminal activities ( Braga, papachristo & hureau I press). According to researchers 50% of calls that 911 center received are usually concentrated in less than 5% of places in a city (Sherman, Gartin, & Buerger, 1989; Weisburd, Bushway, Lum, &Yang, 2004). That is the action of crime is often at the street and not neighborhood level. Thus police can target sizable proportion of citywide crime by focusing in on small number of high crime places (see Weisburd & Telep, 2010). In a meta-analysis of experimental studies, authors found significant benefits of the hot spots approach in treatment compared to control areas. They concluded that fairly strong evidence shows hot spots policing is an effective crime prevention strategy (Braga (007) .Importantly, there was little evidence to suggest that spatial displacement was a major concern in hot spots interventions. Crime did not simply shift from hot spots to nearby areas (see also Weisburd et al., 2006).
Crime and Everyday Life chapter two, The Chemistry for Crime outlines the various components of a crime. Noting that offenders are just one small element to any crime. In all honesty offenders are a variable waiting for time that all the elements are in place. Violent, predatory crimes only occur while an absence of guardians around a target. Clarke named the check list for a target or hot product as, concealable, removable, available, valuable, enjoyable, and disposable. Equally, fights develop in the absence of peacemakers and a present crowd. Illegal sales crime all depend on the setting that offers coverage and removed management. The Chemistry for Crime argues that everyday life tempts as well as diminishes the potential for crime, influencing
This theory however as some have argued has emerged from social disorganisation theory, which sees the causes of crime as a matter of macro level disadvantage. Macro level disadvantage are the following: low socioeconomic status, ethnic or racial heterogeneity, these things they believe are the reasons for crime due to the knock on effect these factors have on the community network and schools. Consequently, if th...
middle of paper ... ... stop the increase or possibly even added to the increase in crime, economical where the changing trends in the economy of the country has taken industry and wealth from urban areas, and community because of the constant shift of residents through the zone of transition led to a state of social disorganisation. It would be easy to point the finger if there was only one thing that had changed over time, but the more we study crime, the more theories on the causes of crime emerge. What we must not do is pick an easy option and not look at the effects that everything else might have on crime in urban areas. Bibliography Sunday Times Scotland Minister decides denial is the best policy for fighting crime.
Crime Analysis has many benefits to the community. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. Crime prevention and community satisfaction with police services, while linked to the number of officers on the streets, does not depend entirely on the visibility of patrol officers. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. So in closing I believe that departments that take the positive elements of foot patrols and combine their efforts with crime analysis that focuses on the time, location, and type of crime, may use the findings to develop strategies to decrease crime and enhance the quality of life in their communities.
But now we must question these figures. The same study in Glasgow noted that there was a general downward trend in crimes and offenses in Glasgow even before the cameras were installed. When this...
Few studies have linked disorder and crime to public housing projects however, the common perception is that they are violent and dangerous places (Pavnich & Hill, 2014). There have been few attempts to measure crime in public housing. Even the largest public housing complexes typically represent small fractions of the specific geographic units that official crime statistics are keep (Holzman & Piper, 1998). Therefore, the knowledge of the volume and type of crime in public housing and how crime in public housing compares to that found in other neighborhoods is inadequate (Holzman & Piper, 1998). The geographic parameters of official crime statistics compiled by local law enforcement agencies usually make the measurement of crime in public
With a 10% increase in crime rate since 2009, budding city St. John’s (Newfoundland and Labrador) soared 19.2% above the national average and in 2010 placed as seventh in Canada’s overall crime rated cities (Brennan, 2011). The level of crime relative to suburban or rural areas has recently become an accepted theory in criminology. Regardless of the data source used, crime statistics consistently reflect that urban crime rates are substantially greater than crime rates in non-urban areas. More so, population size has been shown to be an important predictor of crime rates across cities, not only in Canada, but all over the world. St. John’s has developed and grown economically over the past few years, thriving off the offshore oil and gas industry who’s profits have injected about $800 million into the local economy boosting the city’s Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) attributed to the St. John’s Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) by an estimated 5.0% in 2010 to $9.8 billion, that adding to an increase of 5.4% for the province as a whole (City of St. John’s. 2011). A clear multiplier effect in population growth can be observed as St. John’s population increased by 8.9% between the years of 2001 and 2010 during the time in which the gas and oil and nickel industries settled in the area. Now, as one of the most rapidly developing cities in the country, St. John’s is getting a taste of one of the more serious social backfires to urbanization. Urban development in St. John's is increasing crime opportunities and the overall crime rate in the city and province. Supported not only by up to date statistics, this idea is also supported by year long criminal and social behavioral experiments conducted by trained psychologists such as Wolfgang...
Crime destroys the very fabric of a civilized society. It stops the growth of a country and creates fear among its citizens. Though crime is inevitable in any society, yet it has to be kept at minimum level. But same in not true in India where crime rate is consistently rising. An ordinary citizen is fearful not only of stepping outside their home but they are not safe in their home too.