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History of printing and its effects
A short essay on the history of printing technology
Development of the printing press
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Jules Cheret was born on May 31, 1836 in Paris into a family of artisans. Cheret was forced to end his education early, at the age of 13, due to the fact that his family was not able to keep up with the expenses. Because his schooling ended so early, Cheret was enrolled into a three-year apprenticeship under a lithographer. Lithography is the process of printing form a flat, smooth surface, such as limestone or a metal plate, which has been prepared in a way that only ink will stick to the surface. The British approach to poster design strongly influenced Cheret, and upon returning to France in his later life, he began creating posters for music halls and theaters. Pippermint is an advertising poster that Jules Cheret published in 1899; the dimensions of the poster are 14” x 20”, painted on a canvas. The Pipperment poster is an advertisement for Pipperment Liquor, this poster was so artistically impressive to the public, people immediately began collecting the poster as soon as the art was put up on street walls. This is also the reason to why it is so rare to find an or...
“A picture is a poem without words” – Horace, the purpose of art is to reveal the sensations of life but also allows humans to express their emotions and views on certain aspects. Jean-Michel Basquiat was a Neo-Expressionist painter throughout the 1980’s who was known for his style. He was African American artist and musician that was part of the SAMO. The SAMO was a graffiti group that wrote epigrams. While growing up, one of Basquiat inspirations that encouraged him to paint was his diverse cultural heritage. Basquiat was a creative self-taught artist who thought outside of the box when it came to painting. Most of the pieces he made were a collaboration of different ideas and constructed them together into a collage. During the 1980’s Basquiat’s art used the human figure to portray Minimalism and Conceptualism. His target market that were in many of his pieces was on suggestive dichotomies that focused on the lower class versus the higher class. Even though Basquiat work was remarkable, he was criticized and faced some challenges among his journey because of the symbols and words that were used his paintings. Despite the criticism,
“Renoir’s particular ambition was to paint works in joyful hues from which all trace of narrative is excluded” 1, quotes Jean LeyMarie author of Renoir; And truer words about Renoir’s work can not be spoken. Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a French born painter whose collaborations with other notable artists, among them Manet, Delacroix, and Monet 2, helped to influence and shape the budding Impressionist movement. The renowned painter began his humble upbringing in Limoges, France in 1841; The son of a tailor, his parents found him work with a porcelain decorator, which was the beginning of his lengthy career as an artist, and perhaps were his passion for translucent and luscious colors were established 3. While Renoir is well known for his paintings of women, couples, and various other human subjects, his work on flowers is equally as impressive. The work this essay will discuss is the painting Chrysanthemums, painted in 1881-82. Currently located in the Ryerson Collection in Gallery 201 of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Many classic books of literature of the French Enlightenment era comes from the famous author Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as his pen name, Voltaire.The French author was born on November 21st, 1694 and died May 30th, 1778 in the city of Paris. He started school at the Jesuit College of Louis-le-Grand at the age of 10 and graduated in 1711 with a motive of being a writer. However, Voltaire’s father did not agree with his choice of study and wanted Voltaire to study law. He went back to school to study law for another two years after his graduation. Voltaire was sent to The Hague, Netherlands in order to act as a secretary to the French ambassador at the time. During his visit, he became infatuated with Catherine Olympe de Noyer. Due to his love affair, Voltaire was discharged from the Dutch country to France “disinherited, and threatened with exile to the New World.” (Stanley 67). A few years later, Voltaire was accused of writing two satiric poems against the French regime because of his reputation in writing and was imprisoned at the Bastille from 1717 to 1718. During the time spent inside the prison, Voltaire wrote the tragedy called the Oedipe. After being released, Voltaire adopted the new of De Voltaire due to the commonness of the original name. His father died in 1722 and was released from his control. Voltaire also met Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Genevan philosopher, the same year in Brussels, Belgium. From 1726 to 1728, Voltaire was sentenced to another term in the Bastille and exiled to England due to an encounter with “his growing squadron of enemies and spearheaded Chevalier de Rohan” (Stanley 67). He met the author by the name of Jonathan Swift during his exile. Voltaire was able to re-enter France in 1729, and p...
René Descartes was a French philosopher born in La Haye, France, on March 31, 1596. In the 17th century. Now that town is now named after him, because of the great things he has done. He spent most of his life in the Dutch Republic He had two siblings and was the youngest. His father and mother's name were Joachim and Jeanne Brochard. His mother died before his first birthday. In addition, his father was in the provincial parliament as a council member. After their mother died, Joachim had the kids go live with their grandmother on their mom's side. They stayed there even though their father eventually remarried. Even though their father did not want them around, he still wanted the best education for his children so he sent René when he was eight, to boarding school to the Jesuit college of Henri IV in La Flèche. And he stayed there until he was 15.
Claude Monet Claude Monet was one of the founding fathers of French Impressionism. Monet's concern was to reflect the influence of light on a subject. He never abandoned his Impressionist painting style until his death in 1926 when Fauvism and Cubism were en vogue and when abstract painting came into existence. First Painting Lessons Claude Monet was born in Paris, but grew up in Le Havre. His first artistic output was caricatures when he was a little boy.
depression. At the young age of six, her father lost his job and her family
Screen printing involves a lengthy process and requires a great deal of patience and an eye for detail. During the 1960s, he founded his studio, “The Factory” and mingled with a wide range of artists, writers, musicians, and underground celebrities. In the studio, Warhol would direct his team in the creation of silkscreens and lithographs. His work was in high demand, and he utilized the help of the “Warhol Superstars” to mass-produce his silkscreens. This group, made up of adult film stars, drag queens, drug addicts, musicians and socialites helped create the atmosphere for which “The Factory” became
He found a job as an office boy for two lawyers and later an apprentice as a printer for a local newspaper, “Patriot”. There he learned many useful things like how to use the printing press and typesetting. In 1833, his family moved back to Long Island and there he continued to work for several newspapers. In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as teacher but stopped when he turned to journalism as a full-time career. He founded a weekly new...
To begin, Pasteur 's early life. He was born in Dole France, on December 27, 1822. His parents were Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He began primary school in 1831, and was mostly interested
Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 17, 1806. His mother, Constance Vivant was a freed slave from New Orleans, and his father, Vincent Rillieux, was a inventor and engineer. Vincent invented the steam-operated cotton baling press. Norbert's academic talents were seen at an early age by his father, and was sent to Paris to be educated.
Piet Mondrian was born March 7th 1872 at Amersfoort, Netherlands and he died February 1st, 1944. He lived in the Netherlands for most of his life. The place he studied was at Rijksakademie. One of his major accomplishments was his involvement in neoplasticism. Some of his more famous pieces are Tableau 1-1921, Windmill in sunlight-1908, The red mill-1911, composition-1942, and finally composition xiv-1914. Some of the things he often times did that made him notable is his bold lines and color. One of the main art forms he his known for is a non-representational form of art. The medium he typically used where paints of various types. During the times of his life his art was generally accepted by the public but like all arts there were the critics
Philippe Petit changed numerous peoples’ thoughts about the Twin Towers when he performed his high wire walk between them in 1974. Before Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers in 1974, people weren’t certain how they felt about the construction of the World Trade Center. After Philippe performed, people began to warm up to the idea of the towers. Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers on August 7, 1974. This event prompted Andrew McMahon to write the song “Platform Fire” about this event for his band, Jack’s Mannequin. This song was not a hit for the band; however, fans of Jack’s Mannequin seem to have a special place in their heart for it.
Exploring Modern Day Artists: Jean- Michel Basquiat. Jean- Michel Basquiat also known as SAMO, is an amazing and inspirational modern day artist known for his neo-expression graffiti and paintings which consist of distinctive symbols, diagrams and a series of imagery which symbolized his heritage, struggles through life, and a new youthful movement which inspired experimental artists to express themselves. Being the descendant of Haitian and Puerto Rican ancestry, Basquiat’s diverse culture is a main factor behind his creative tactics and his artwork. Basquiat was born in Brooklyn, New York on December 22, 1960.
At the age of 21, his intestinal operation led to appendicitis. Henri was on bed rest for most of 1890 and to help him occupy his time, his mother bought him a set of paints. That was the turning point in Henri’s life. He decided to give up his career in law for a career in art. Matisse himself said, “It was as if I had been called. Henceforth I did not lead my life. It led me” (Getlein 80). Soon after, Henri began to take classes at the Academie Julian to prepare himself for the entrance examination at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (Essers 7). Henri failed his first attempt, leading to his departure from the Academie. He then enrolled at the Ecole des Arts decoratifs and that is where his friendship with Albert Marquet began. They started working alongside of Gustave Moreau, a distinguished teacher at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, even though they had not been accepted (Essers 12). In 1895, Henri finally passed the Beaux-Arts entrance examination and his pathway to his new career choice had officially begun.
Le Corbusier was born in a small town in Northwest Switzerland Known as La Chaux-de-Fonds on October 6th, 1887. Le Corbusier was born Charles-Eduard Jeanneret-Gris only to later change his name to Le Corbusier in 1920. He was born second son to a watch maker Eduard Jeanneret who painted the dials on every watch in their home towns renowned watch factory. His mother Madame Jeannerct-Perrct was a piano teacher and musician. Both parents obtaining artistic careers made Le Corbusier inept to have a career in which he would use his artistic skills. Growing up in the Jura mountains and his families love for the arts are what would later influence his career.