Shredding and grinding tires:
By shredding, the volume of scrap tires can be reduced to about ¼, thus reducing space requirement and shipping costs. Tire shredding can be considered a mature technology now in North America.
Products: Rubber Crumb (sellable product – serves as raw material to many many industries)
Finer synthetic and natural rubber (obviously after treatments) which can be used in Tiles and tile adhesives, mixing with asphalt, sports surfaces, carpet underlay, noise and vibration insulation, playgrounds and matting. Rubber crumb is also used in new tyres, devulcanisation for low-tech pressed or extruded rubber products, commercial flooring, traffic control products and plenty more.
Ambient Scrap Tire processing
The process is called ambient, because all size reduction steps take place at or near ambient temperatures, i.e. no cooling is applied to make the rubber brittle.
The tires are first processed into chips of 2” (50 mm) in size in a preliminary shredder (A). The tire chips then enter a granulator (B). In this processing step the chips are reduced to a size of smaller than 3/8” (10 mm), while liberating most of the steel and fiber from the rubber granules. After exiting the granulator, steel is removed magnetically and the fiber fraction is removed by a combination of shaking screens and wind sifters (C).
While there is some demand for 3/8” rubber granules, most applications call for finer mesh material, mostly in the range of 10 to 30 mesh. For this reason, most ambient grinding plants have a number of consecutive grinding steps (D). The machines most commonly used for fine grinding in ambient plants are:
• Secondary granulators
• High speed rotary mills
• Extruders or screw presses
• Cracker mills
Ambient grinding can be operated safely and economically if the bulk of the rubber output needs to be relatively coarse material, i.e., down to approximately 20 mesh material.
Products: Rubber Crumb of different sizes. It’s a further refined process and this crumb is more valuable and useful.
Cryogenic crushing
whole tires or tire chips are cooled down to a temperature of below –80 C (-112 F). Below this “glass transition temperature”, rubber becomes nearly as brittle and glass and size reduction can be accomplished by crushing and breaking.
This type of size reduction requires less energy and fewer pieces of machinery when compared to ambient size reduction.
‘Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle’ are what a person chants if someone mentions the word recycling. Nicks J defines recycling as ‘[T]he processing of waste materials in order to make them reusable” (11). Individuals who recycle are not just throwing papers in green bins, or cans in blue; in fact, they are helping the environment more than they can imagine. People who want to preserve and protect their planet take the initiative to recycle waste materials. Rather than throwing away old plastic or glass bottles, aluminum cans, and certain types of paper, one can simply recycle them, and they will go through a cleaning and the remanufacturing process to be remade into a new usable item. There are many benefits of recycling, but a lot of people will argue against it. As Bauer, Mary states, “[Recycling] is a messy process That uses caustic chemicals and produces harmful byproducts and emissions” (12). Regardless, recycling programs have been implemented in many places such as California and Georgia and have been successful. Hence, individual’s states in the United States should make recycling mandatory because recycling will reduce E-Waste pollution, reduce waste, and benefit the economy.
PVC is classified as a thermoplastic, which can be re-shaped in the presence of heat. Situations where temperatures reach up to 160 degrees Celsius (melting point) would cause deformation to the PVC; this would be considered a
To implement a recycling program requires a collection process that includes the containers to gather the materials, the trucks to transport them to the processing site, and the manpower to manage the program. Unfortunately, recycling is more of a business than an attempt to save the environment. The value of the material being recycled overshadows the negative impact of dumping items into the landfill. At a point in time, the demand for recycled paper declined, so recyclers stored the material in hopes that values would increase. “The hope is that eventually the markets turn around and that the materials is sold, but I have heard of instances where it gets landfilled, because a community doesn’t have the demand or the space or the company to deal with it, “ says Gene Jones, the executive director of Southern Waste Information Exchange (Westervelt,
It cuts back on global warming. The world is starting to feel the effects of global warming. We should want to do whatever it takes to help our planet (Recycling).
Cold rolling in combination with annealing in a controlled atmosphere furnace, by grinding with abrasives, or by buffing a finely ground surface
By recycling metals you can save energy, money and the environment. Here’s the thing metal is not grown it doesn’t pop up in rows it’s a resource that can be used up. In order to obtain metal first it has to be mined which in this form is called ore, then it is smelted and purified. This process alone can create a lot of pollution and can be very wasteful. Wasting Metal just throwing it away is probably one of the most hazardous and costly waste that a person can create. Some metal contains lead which in the state of California is known to cause cancer secondly the process to make metal is time consuming. As listed above metal can be taken to scrap yards to be recycled not hard to do. Load it up take to a scrap yard unload and get paid and get out. By recycling metal you are doing you and everyone else a great service. You help the environment by not allowing it to absorb hazardous waste such as lead. And you don’t let a precious resource go to
This usually happens when a material has undergone a process in which the material becomes more brittle and is less able to plastically deform. These processes include cold working or precipitation hardening.
Some people say recycling is a waste of time. If one is a very busy person, then maybe. But taking that extra two seconds to recycle, saving energy, money, resources, and the world isn’t a bad plan either. If everyone would take the extra two seconds to recycle, the extra effort would help to make the world would be a much cleaner and more efficient place. Recycling could also help to lower taxes in the long run. Recycled materials have value, and trash costs money. A city recycling program could sell it and make money. Then, with the extra money, the city wouldn’t have to charge as much money on taxes. Now how does those two extra seconds sound now? One can better the place they live in and save some money by taking two extra seconds to recycle.
In my opinion recycling is an effective way to reduce pollution. Not only does it help the environment but it also helps our economy financially too. Recycling helps to reduce the amount of waste and pollution and it also contributes to your wellness. Like Brenda Platt and Neil Seldman said “not only does recycling reduce pollution but it also improves public health.”
...ections in a car’s body in white (BIW). Sheet steel blanks are inserted into a press, the outer edge of the sheet is clamped and the sheet stamped between a male and a female die. To obtain a deep section requires extra metal, which is pulled from the clamped region; the part is then described as ‘drawn’. Very deep shapes, such as door inners or spare-wheel wells, are ‘deep drawn’ and require the most formable grades of steel. The higher-strength steel used in modern cars requires presses with higher press forces. Press Hardening, also known as die-quenching, is similar to press forming, but in the press-hardening process the steel is first heated to 9500 C and simultaneously pressed and quenched in the die to produce a very strong martensitic steel. Roll forming is a process where sheet metal is progressively folded to shape through a series of rollers.
Initially, rubber has existed for an extensive period of time. When viewing the “early history of rubber development, [there] is evidence that rubber existed even before Columbus’ time” (Robert, E.A. 1952, p. 77). One of the earlier uses of rubber was documented in a Mexican Tribe where the natives of Mexico and West Indies played games using elastic balls (Robert, E.A. 1952, p. 77). Many scientists attempted to establish “suitable solvents for rubber since its arrival in Europe as a raw material in the late 1700s, however none had been successful” (Backer, C. 1997, p.14). Furthermore, it is relevant to say that the rubber industry was primarily established in Europe by Charles Macintosh, who was an industrial chemist in 1818 (Backer, C. 1997, p.14). Later on, the rubber industry began to devel...
Recycling is a balancing act for us, and our environment. Our views of recycling have altered a bit over the years.
One reason is that recycling can help save the earth from waste and trash build-up. For example, fifty percent of roofing and construction on houses is made from recycled aluminum cans. Using recycled materials to produce new products costs less money and less energy than new materials. It can also save valuable landfill space. People have trash everyday. Pretty much anything is recyclable. If you throw them away, it?s a waste of natural resources, a waste of energy, and a waste of money. Instead people should take the time collect these things and put some effort into helping in the world we live in.
made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal
Recycling is a great way of trying to save and conserve the natural resources that are used from the Earth. Also, it reduces the amount of waste in landfills, as well as, reducing greenhouse gasses. Recycling is one simple way of putting a global footprint into the Earth.