Jawaharal Nehru, former Prime Minister of India, once asserted, “Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you represents determinism; the way you play it is free will.” Everyone in the world face challenges, most of them face them every day of their lives. The challenges that people go through make them who they are. It determines what becomes of them and what they will do in life. If someone just gives up because of a challenge, like a disease, and thinks that they will never amount to anything then they will not ever measure to anything. Epilepsy is one of these challenges that take many forms.
Anyone who has Epilepsy knows that it is a struggle living with it. Epilepsy is construed as “recurring seizures (more than two) for which no such provoking factor is found” (Appleton and Marson 3).“Epileptic seizures occur when nerve cells fire abnormally and synchronously” (Appleton and Marson 1). “Normally, brain cells produce some electrical energy, which flows through the nervous system and activates the muscles. The brain of an epileptic patient sometimes fails to control this release of energy” (Schuelein, “Epilepsy” 1). “A seizure may cause temporary uncontrolled muscle movements or unconsciousness” (Striedter 19). “Multiple convulsions of unknown causes occur in epilepsy” (Schuelein, “Convulsions” 1).
“There are many types of epileptic seizures: these are usually divided into generalized and focal (also called partial) seizures” (Appleton and Marson 9). “Some types of seizures are easy to identify but others are not, particularly in infants and young children” (Appleton and Marson 9). “Most epilepsy syndromes occur in children” (Appleton and Marson 9). One type of epileptic seizure is a Tonic-clonic seizure (Appleton ...
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...ust like Jawaharal Nehru once stated, “Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you represents determinism; the way you play it is free will.”
Works Cited
Appleton, Tony and Richard Marson. Facts: Epilepsy. 3rd ed. Oxford, Great Britain: Oxford University Press, 2009. ebrary. Web. 11 May 2013.
Brodie, Patrick, Martin Schachter, and Steven Kwan. Fast Facts: Epilepsy. 4th ed. Oxford, Great Britain: Health Press Limited, 2009. ebrary. Web.
Schuelein, Marianne. "Epilepsy." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.
Schuelein, Marianne. "Convulsions." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.
Sladek, N. E. "Anticonvulsant." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.
Striedter, Georg F. "Brain." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.
Wilbanks, Rebecca RN. Personal Interview. 25 July 2013.
The view of free will has been heavily debated in the field of philosophy. Whether humans possess free will or rather life is determined. With the aid of James Rachels ' article, The Debate over Free Will, it is clearly revealed that human lives are "both determined and free at the same time" (p.482, Rachels), thus, in line with the ideas of compatibilist responses. Human 's actions are based on certain situations that are causally determined by unexpected events, forced occurrence, and certain cases that causes one to outweigh the laws of cause and effect. The article also showcases instances where free will does exist. When human actions are being based on one 's emotions of the situation, desire, and simply that humans are creatures that are created to have intellectual reasoning. I argue, that Rachels’ article, provides helpful evidence on compatibilists responses that demonstrate free will and determinism actions come into play with each other.
A seizure is a short occurrence of symptoms that is caused by a burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Customarily, a seizure lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes. There are different types of seizures not just one. Depending on which part and how much of the brain is affected by the electrical disturbance will determine which type of seizure will occur. Experts divide seizures into five generalized seizures, these include: partial seizures, epileptic/non-epileptic seizures, status epilepticus, gelastic seizures and dacrystic seizures.
Epilepsy, also known as “seizure disorder,” or “seizure attack,” is the fourth most common neurological disorder known to mankind, affecting an estimated 2.3 million adults and 467,711 children in the United States. Unfortunately this disorder is becoming far more common and widespread worldwide. This staggering number of cases of people suffering from Epilepsy also involves an average growth rate of 150,000 new cases each year in the United States alone. Generally, many of the people who develop who are a part of the new are mainly either young children or older adults. Your brain communicates through chemical and electrical signals that are all specialized for specific tasks. However, through the process of communication, chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters can suddenly fail, resulting in what is known as a seizure attack. Epilepsy occurs when a few too many brain cells become excited, or activated simultaneously, so that the brain cannot function properly and to it’s highest potential. Epilepsy is characterized when there is an abnormal imbalance in the chemical activity of the brain, leading to a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain. This disruption specifically occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord. This causes an interruption in communication between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons; between the axon of one neuron, the message sender and the dendrite of another neuron, the message recipient. Consequently, the effects that epileptic seizures may induce may range anywhere from mild to severe, life-threatening ramifications and complications. There are many different types of seizures associa...
Free will is the ability for a person to make their own decisions without the constraints of necessity and fate, in other words, their actions are not determined. Determinism is the view that the initial conditions of the universe and all possible worlds are the same, including the laws of nature, causing all events to play out the same. Events are determined by the initial conditions. Two prominent positions advocated concerning the relation between free will and determinism are compatibilism and incompatibilism. In this essay I shall argue that compatibilism is true. Firstly, I shall explain what compatibilism is and consider possible objections and responses to the theory. I shall then examine incompatibilism and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and argue that compatibilism is a stronger argument and, as a result, show why it is also true.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain causing people to have seizures. A seizure is a big disruption of electrical communication between neurons, leading to the temporary release of excessive energy in a synchronized form Epilepsy is very unpredictable. Having a seizure disorder doesn't mean that you can only have one type of seizure. People can have many different types of seizures; it can vary on the person. In some cases depending on the type of seizures someone may have they can grow out of them. (“Epilepsy Foundation." What Is Epilepsy? N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2014.)
Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial, and absence (or petit mal) seizures.
This paper is going to discuss the condition Epilepsy. Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of the brain characterized by the recurrence of unprovoked seizures (Shorvon, 2009). Epilepsy starts in your brain, the brain is like a computer, it is made up of a mass of cells, called neurons, which connect to each other in very complicated ways (Routh, 2004). Electrical messages are constantly being passed from one neuron to another down nerves to the muscles in the body (Mair, 2004). If a person has epilepsy, these cells sometimes send a sudden, unexpected burst of electrical impulses, which causes a seizure (Routh, 2004). When the seizure finishes the brain behaves normally again. For some people with epilepsy these seizures happen every day. For others they may happen only once or twice a year (Routh, 2004). There are over 40 different types of seizure and each person is slightly different, but there are a few common types (Routh, 2004). Generalized seizures which affect the whole brain and partial seizures which affect a small part of the brain (Miller, 2013). The most common types of ge...
Many people with epilepsy usually have more than one type of seizure and may have other symptoms of neurological problems as well. The cause of epilepsy varies by age of the person, but the majority of the time the cause is unknown. Common causes of seizures by age in Elizabeth Otte’s case would be congenital conditions (Down’s syndrome; Angelman's syndrome; tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis), genetics, head trauma, and progressive brain disease which is rare (Schechter & Shafer, Ltd., 2013, p.1). The diagnosis of epilepsy is based on medical history of the patients including family history of seizures. They ask several of questions to figure of what type of seizures the patients could possibly be suffering from. Doctors then preform test such as EEG, take blood, and study images of your brain. Epilepsy is treated by a neurologist specialist that may or may not subscribe medication depending on the severity and frequency of the seizures. Also treatment can be a change in the patients’ diet or
Ever since the doctors told me I had epilepsy, I have lived with an added stress. When I was younger it was not as stressful as it is now that I am in high school. I know that I have become increasingly self-conscious about it. The first seizure I ever had was in fourth grade. The doctors do not know what triggered the seizure, and I do not remember it. The students and teachers told me that I screamed and lost consciousness. Then I started jerking with muscle contractions.
Schachter, Steven C., MD. "Types of Seizures." Types of Seizures | Epilepsy.com. Ed. Joseph I. Sirven, MD. Epilepsy.com, 21 July 2013. Web. 02 Mar. 2014.
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects the nervous system. Epilepsy can affect people in multiple different ways. There are many different seizures that you can get from epilepsy. Seizures are classified in two different groups, generalized seizures and focal seizures. Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain, focal seizures only affect one side of the brain. Generalized seizures include absence seizures which can sometimes cause rapid blinking or staring at random places. Also tonic-clonic seizures
Epilepsy is characterized by uncontrolled excessive activity of either a part of, or all of the central nervous system. A person who is predisposed to epilepsy has attacks when the basal level of excitability of the nervous system rises above a certain critical threshold. As long as the degree of excitability is held below this threshold, no attack occurs. Basically, epilepsy can be classified into three major types: grand mal, petit mal, and focal or partial epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seizures which are unprovoked by any immediately identifiable cause (Hopkins & Shorvon, 1995). It is also known as a seizure disorder. A wide range of links and risk factors are associated with the condition, but most of the time the cause is unknown. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting approximately two and half million people in the US and about 50 million worldwide. Though seizures can occur at any age, epilepsy is most commonly seen in children and the elderly. Most respond well to treatment and can control their seizures, but for some it is a chronic illness. A clinical diagnosis is the first step to finding a potential cure for the disorder.
Traditional medicine believed that epilepsy came from the gods. Due to the persons lack of knowledge and morals. However, Hippocrates refutes this theory because the magic, purifying techniques and prayer would cure this disease. He also, makes the point that the brain is the main organ that makes your body fuction and this disease has something to do with how a human brain functions. Which is correct elipesey does deal with the brain and the neruons which send messages to the body.
Freedom, or the concept of free will seems to be an elusive theory, yet many of us believe in it implicitly. On the opposite end of the spectrum of philosophical theories regarding freedom is determinism, which poses a direct threat to human free will. If outside forces of which I have no control over influence everything I do throughout my life, I cannot say I am a free agent and the author of my own actions. Since I have neither the power to change the laws of nature, nor to change the past, I am unable to attribute freedom of choice to myself. However, understanding the meaning of free will is necessary in order to decide whether or not it exists (Orloff, 2002).