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Anatomy and physiology note digestive system
Anatomy and physiology note digestive system
importance of enzymes in our life.
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The ideal purpose of the gastrointestinal or digestive system is to take the immense bolus’ of food made of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein and dissect them into particles tiny enough so that they can be consumed into the cardiovascular system of the body where the body can deploy on the the substances necessary for health and progression in the body. The way these bolus’ of food are dissected is by a process called mastication and the chemical changes of the gastrointestinal system and it’s enzymes. Enzymes are also known as proteins, and they are responsible for bringing about the responses in the body. Enzymes enhance the speed of the responses in the body without being devoured by the body’s responses. Proteins or enzymes of the gastrointestinal system bring about the change of carbohydrates into two different categories of sugars known as monosaccharides and disaccharides, proteins transform into amino acids known as pepsin, and lipids are converted into fatty acids and glycerol. All of the enzymes within the digestive system have roles and functions that are very particula...
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
2. Esophagus: 10 in. long and extends from the pharynx to the stomach. Food moves down the esophagus by the peristalsis. The sphincter, a circular muscle at the entrance of the stomach opens and closes to allow food to enter the stomach.
Proteins are one of the main building blocks of the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Even smaller units create proteins; these are called amino acids. There are twenty different types of amino acids, and all twenty are configured in many different chains and sequences, producing differing protein structures and functions. An enzyme is a specialized protein that participates in chemical reactions where they serve as catalysts to speed up said reactions, or reduce the energy of activation, noted as Ea (Mader & Windelspecht).
The digestive system otherwise known as the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is a long tube which runs from the mouth to the anus. It operates to break down the food we eat from large macromolecules such as starch, proteins and fats, which can’t be easily absorbed, into readily absorbable molecules such as glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. Once broken down, these molecules can cross the cells lining the small intestine, enter into the circulatory system and be transported around the body finally being used for energy, growth and repair.
Digestion is defined as the process of transforming foods into unites for absorption. The Digestive System is a complex network of organisms that have six major processes: The digestion of food, the secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes, the mixing and movement of food and waste throughout the body, the digestion of food into smaller pieces, the absorption of nutrients, and the excretion of wastes (Inner Body (1).)
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
Imagine you are eating a sandwich containing wheat bread, ham, lettuce, and Swiss cheese. Do you ever wonder where the nutrients go from all of the previous listed ingredients? Well, when a bite of this sandwich is taken, the mouth produces a saliva enzyme called amylase. This enzyme immediately goes to work by breaking down the carbohydrates that are in the bread. Once, the bite is completely chewed, the contents then are swallowed and go down the esophagus and begin to head towards the upper esophageal sphincter and the is involuntarily pushed towards the stomach. The next passage for the sandwich is to go through the lower esophageal sphincter; which transports the sandwich into the stomach.
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions. Some enzymes associated with carbohydrate breakdown are sucrose, lactose, maltase, and amylase. They aid in turning carbohydrate into glucose. The body uses glucose for energy, especially within the cells. Lipids or fats must be emulsified by bile found in the liver, and will be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, and the body is able to absorb them. The enzyme associated with lipid breakdown is lipase. Protein that is ingested use the enzymes proteases and peptidases to help break up the protein and make amino acids in the
Digestion have a function of breaking down all food into our body. Our body use all nutrients to help in the process been health and growth. Digestion supplied small molecules that will be absorbed into our bloodstream.
Now the Cheetos have entered the stomach. The process of breaking down carbohydrates has already begun in the mouth and now more chemical and mechanical digestion will take place in the stomach. Once the bolus has entered the stomach, it mixes with gastric juice, starts protein digestion, and absorbs a limited amount. Here the chief cells secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen and the parietal calls secrete hydrochloric acid. When mixed together, they create pepsin. The pepsin works to breakdown the two grams of protein present in the Cheetos. Hormones are also present in the stomach and aid in the digestion process. The hormone, gastrin, increases the secretory activity of gastric glands. In the stomach, some salt from the Cheetos is absorbed through the wall. The Cheetos that entered the stomach has no...
The digestive system is interesting, complex and truly important to our daily lives. Without the digestive system energy and nutrients vital to the body could never reach body cells and a person wouldn't be able to do all the things they like to do, such as study, play sports, and hang out with friends. The body uses various organs and chemicals to break down food. The breakdown of food he... ...
Hi there. My name is Albert and this is my adventurous story of my journey through a human. I was a delicious gourmet hamburger with fresh ingredients like salad, mustard and an angus beef pattie. I was dumped into a family feed box labelled with a massive golden arched ‘M’. Now, I’m quite an intelligent burger, unlike my other food companions and I love studying about the fascinating human digestive system when I went to Burgerton College. I’m here to tell you first-hand about my digestive journey into the human body! Here is a map of the human digestive system for your convenience to pinpoint where I am in my journey as I am recounting my story.
Enzymes are protein molecules that are made by organisms to catalyze reactions. Typically, enzymes speed up the rate of the reaction within cells. Enzymes are primarily important to living organisms because they help with metabolism and the digestive system. For example, enzymes can break larger molecules into smaller molecules to help the body absorb the smaller molecules faster. In addition, some enzyme molecules bind molecules together.
The exocrine function of the pancreas is that it produces enzymes that aids in the digestion of food. There are three important enzymes that are crucial in helping with digestion. The first digestive enzyme is amylase. Amylase function is to break down carbohydrates. The amylase enzyme is made in two places: the cells in the digestive tract that produces saliva and the main one specifically found in the pancreas that are called the pancreatic amylase (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). The amylase in the pancreas passes through the pancreatic duct to the small intestines. This amylase in the pancreas completes the process of digestion of carbohydrates. Consequently, this leads to the production of glucose that gets absorbed into the bloodstream and gets carried throughout the body. The next enzyme that aids in digestion of food is protease. While amylase breaks down carbohydrates, protease breaks down protein. Protease breaks down protein into the building block form of amino acids. The three main proteases that it produces are: pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). Pepsin does not occur in the pancreas but it is the catalysis in starting the digestion of proteins. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are the two proteases that occur in
The human digestion system is very complex. It starts with the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, then ends/exits with the anus. Each step is essential to the whole system. For example, the mouth chews food and mixes it with saliva produced by the salivary glands, and then the pharynx swallows chewed food mixed with saliva, this is followed by the food traveling through the esophagus to the stomach where the food gets a bath and mixes with acids and enzymes. After the stomach, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder produce, stores, and releases bile and bicarbonates. Bile is produced in the liver and aids in digestion and absorption of fat while the gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed. Following the process into the small intestine, this is where nutrients will be absorbed into the blood or lymph (most digestion occurs here). Next is the large intestine this is where water and some vitamins and minerals are absorbed. Finally, it is the end of the road, the anus. At...