How Logic Relates to Emotion The earlier schools of thought were seen to view emotion as a product of mental process that occurred as a result of stimulus but before the mind could have enough time to analyze the situation fully. They therefore treated emotion as based on intuition than logic. This view changed after. Daniel Schater, (2011) initiated this understanding after developing the two factor theory which viewed emotion as a product of an interplay between intuitive and logical processes. According to him, the physiological process occurs immediately after the perception of a stimulus. Thus the heart will start racing immediately a person sees a snake. However, the feeling part of the emotion only occurs after the person has consciously analyzed the situation. Thus, fear comes as a result of cognitively analyzing and understanding the real danger that is posed by the snake. This theory would help explain the reason children do not fear snakes and will even play with them. If emotion was to be totally an intuitive occurrence, then intuition would make the child develop emotions of fear. Myers (2004) further supports this by relating emotions as products of a conscious judgment process. The person has to be aware that a situation deserves fear and acknowledge the same for the emotion of fear to manifest itself. This theory has been supported by Alter et al., (2007). In his view, there has to be active judgment and evaluation of the situation or the stimulus for the emotional process to be initiated. All kinds of stimuli have to be perceived, and then processed, analyzed and after the judgment process, then emotion occurs. The same stimuli cause different kinds of emotions in the same person. The sight of a wild animal in a... ... middle of paper ... ...aming Bias: A Randomized Trial". J Gen Intern Med 26 (12): 1411–1417. Rusou, Z., Usher, M., & Zakay, D. (2013). Pitting intuitive and analytical thinking against each other: The case of transitivity: Psychon Bull Rev, doi: DOI 10.3758/s13423-013-0382-7 Schneider D, Lam D, Bayliss AP, and Dux PE (2012). Cognitive Load Disrupts Implicit Theory- of-Mind Processing: Psychological Science 2012 23: 842. doi: 10.1177/0956797612439070 Sinclair M. (2010). Misconceptions about intuition: Psychological Inquiry, 21, 378–386. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.523874 Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk Taking in Adolescence: New Perspectives: Brain and Behavioral Science, vol. 16 no. 2, p. 55-59. Stern, E. R., Gonzalez, R., Welsh, R. C., and Taylor, S. F. (2010) Updating Beliefs for a Decision: Neural Correlates of Uncertainty and Underconfidence: The Journal of Neuroscience 30, 23:8032– 8041.
Fear is a potent emotional response developed by the intrinsic need to learn in order for one to better their means of self-preservation. Though often overlooked, fear is a mental construct which presents great importance in understanding an individual’s thoughts and mannerisms. Children can help scientists to better recognize how these fears emerge. The early years of life can be considered the most daunting; everything in the environment surrounding a child is fairly new, strange, and unfamiliar. In the psychological community, it is widely accepted that fears are determined from two main constituents: biological and environmental factors. Both factors play an essential role in defining fear as well as the determination of what a child may
Charles Darwin put forth a point in the 1870 that emotions came into their form because they have modifying features. For instance, disgust emerged because the individual by responding in different ways to this emotion increased his survival rate. The expressions of individuals face are in born, the individual soon identifies the expressions on one’s face to judge whether other person is happy to meet him or not. The different theo...
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Watson, J. B. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. The American Psychologist, 55(3), 313-317. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/
‘An adequate hypothesis of fear must utilize physiological concepts of cerebral action in addition to psychological terminology. The hypothesis proposes that "fear originates in the disruption of temporally and spatially organized cerebral activities; that fear are distinct from other emotions by the nature of the processes tending to restore equilibrium." The sources of fear involve conflict, sensory deficit, or constitutional change. ‘
The biological perspective examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour. It emphasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behaviour, thought, and emotion. It is believed that thoughts and emotions have a physical basis in the brain. Electrical impulses zoom throughout the brain’s cells, releasing chemical substances that enable us to think, feel, and behave. René Descartes (1596–1650) wrote an influential book (De Homine [On Man]) in which he tried to explain how the behaviour of animals, and to some extent the behaviour of humans, could be like t...
Discuss the "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position. Discuss one possible, satisfying resolution to the cognition versus biology debate, using an original example to illustrate this
The British Psychological Society. (2011). Memory is not as reliable as we think. Retrieved from http:// http://www.bps.org.uk/news/memory-not-reliable-we-think
Another one of Aristotle’s philosophy was regarding the emotion and selective perception that summarized by B.R. Hergenhahn in History of Psychology’s text book (p.56- 57). Aristotle brought the awareness on emotion when he proposed that without emotion, humans could be missing on what is relevant (S.Nancy, 1989). He suggested that emotions influenced and intensified one’s behavior. For instance, people who are afraid tend to run faster after being threatened by a snake as compared to leisurely jogging. When people are angered they have a tendency to pick a fight because emotion can drive one’s motive of action. Anger can be excited from the injury that someone has caused and fear does elicited when facing danger and both happened because of the presence of cognition process. Aristotle added that the emotion cannot be blind feelings but intended by directed states.
One scientist, Damasio, provided an explanation how emotions can be felt in humans biologically. Damasio suggested, “Various brain structures map both the organism and external objects to create what he calls a second order representation. This mapping of the organism and the object most likely occurs in the thalamus and cingulate cortices. A sense of self in the act of knowing is created, and the individual knows “to whom this is happening.” The “seer” and the “seen,” the “thought” and the “thinker” are one in the same.” By mapping the brain scientists can have a better understandi...
To conclude, researches propose a number of theories that experience human emotions. The James-Lange theory of emotion and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion belong to one physiological category of theories. However, chosen theories differ greatly from each other. While the James-Lange theory affirms that different physiological states respond to various experiences of emotion, the Cannon-Bard theory claims that humans react to an inducement and experience that is related to the emotion at that time. Both theories have individuals that criticize them and it is up to the individual to decide which one to
Jerome S. B. , Goodnow J. J. and Austin G.A. (1967) Overview ( p.231-247):In A study of thinking . John Wiley and Sons Ltd, USA
The distance learning environment creates a multitude of challenges that students or instructors do not have to deal with in a brick and mortar classroom. One controversial topic may be that people cannot express their emotions effectively online. Online environments are also complicated to have interactions and establish a presence. Is this really the case though? Is it challenging to show emotion online or have a presence; however, it is not impossible. These topics will be discussed in the following.
The two factor theory of emotion of Schechter singer states that emotion is based on two factors, psychological arousal and cognitive label. According to the theory when an emotion is felt, psychological arousal occurs and a person looks for cues in the environment to interpret or understand the psychological arousal. The James Lang theory refers to the hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions. The theory proposes that instead of feeling and emotion and subsequent bodily response , the psychological change is primary and emotion is experienced when the brain reacts to the information received via the bodies nervous