Mercury is an element of the earth, and can take place naturally as well from manmade. Mercury continuously comes up towards the surface of the earth’s crust, because of the high temperature of the earth’s mantle, and this can make mercury a very mobile source. Surface rocks can contain high levels of concentrated mercury, which can add to the levels of emission standards of mercury. Natural sources can come from the earth crust, volcanoes, and erosion. Others are from weather, floods, and forest fires. This type of contamination is beyond mans control, and must be considered part of our atmosphere mercury levels. Scientist to this day have been struggling to separate the two from mans involvement to the natural output of mercury. Other mercury emission to our atmosphere is anthropogenic, which is mans influence of nature. Some of these included mining, coal plants, cement production plants, caustic soda production plants, ore processing, medical wastes, chemical production facilities, and wild fires.
Volcanoes can vary on the amount of mercury released into the atmosphere, and it can depend on if they are in eruption or degassing stage. Researcher measure mercury emission by Hg/SO2 (mercury/sulfur dioxide) ratio, and this is in the volcanoes eruption columns. Some researchers say this approach is not accurate, because of the lack of data and the volcanoes instability. Some researchers say this area needs more research, in order to get a better reading on the actual amount of mercury that goes into our atmosphere. Bidirectional fluxes or just flux means that gaseous mercury can either spill into the air or go down. Small amounts of degassing can put mercury gas into the lowest part of the atmosphere, which can have lasting effec...
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Woodruff, L., Cannon, W. (2010). Immediate and long-term fire effects on total mercury in forests soils of northeastern Minnesota. Environ Science Technolgy.44 (14): 5371–5376.
Lee, Yonggoo & Rahman, Md Moklesur & Kim, Guebuem & Han, Seunghee. (2011). Mass balance of total mercury and monomethylmercury in coastal embayment’s of a volcanic island: significance of submarine groundwater discharge. Environmental science & technology. www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Mass-balance-total-mercury-monomethylmercury/21973173.html
(5)Pirrone, N., Cinnirella, S., Feng, X., Finkelman, R. B., Friedli, H. R., Leaner, J., & Telmer, K. (2010). Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(13), 5951-5964.
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During the cold seasons, fire places are running often and people are burning more firewood than ever. As known, fireplaces emit smoke and particulate matter into the air. Burning firewood can create environmental damage to our valley (“Wood Smoke and Your Health”). This greatly impacts the Central Valley’s air pollution problem, which is why many cities, if not all, have specific burn days. Burn days are implemented because of how bad the air pollution can get in the valley. Summers are right behind it because people love to cook outdoors on their fire pits. As with fire places, the smoke that is emitted into the air, which has the same effect. Between fireplaces, bonfires and grilling outdoors they play a major role in creating bad air pollution in the Central Valley. Now let’s move on to another main factor that plays a key role in effecting our air pollution in the Central
This eruptions cause a leatral blasts ,lava flows , hot ash flows and many other disaster .
Sandberg, D.V., R.D. Ottmar, J.L. Peterson, and J. Core. 2002. Wildland Fire on Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. Published by The United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retreived on line July 7, 2005
When the reservoir has formed, a substance is collected that will trap the volcanic gases. They form depressions in the ground and it is very hard to imagine the eruptions, explosions, car atrophic proportions that they cause. Super volcanoes produce vast amounts of ash and destruction. There are thousands of normal volcanoes around the world and at least 50 erupt every year. Vast clouds of ash are deafening sounds; it affects the climate on earth for many years and affects the agriculture colour.
Volcanoes are one of natures most interesting and dangerous phenomenons. The way volcanoes operate can be understood, on a basic level, by just some simple physics and chemistry, this paper will investigate and explain some of the basic physics that govern the behavior of volcanoes.
Sodium is an element on the periodic table with the chemical symbol as Na. Sodium, discovered by the English Chemist Sir Humphry Davy, is in the Alkali Metals group on the Periodic Table and it is a soft, silver/white color. Sodium, which is found in the Earth's crust, is important to society.
Volcanoes are one of the most destructive forces on Earth. It is estimated that some 500 million people live near active volcanoes (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 2013). Of the Earth's known volcanoes, 70 are expected to erupt each year with at least one large eruption each decade (Lutgens & Tarbuck, 2013). As populations continue to increase and more people are attracted to the beauty surrounding these areas, the immediate threat to humans from these sometimes sleeping giants grows. Due to this, the study of volcanoes and the service that volcanologists provide to the public by way of information and predictions on activity is immeasurable.
From modern examples and records we know that volcanic activity can set of a chai...
Hester, R. and Harrison, R., 2002. Global environmental change. 1st ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
"A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties." Basically it shows us all known elements in the world. For one to read the periodic table he should beware that the atomic number comes first in the square , and referring to the atomic number its the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. Following the atomic number is the symbol, which is usually the abbreviation of the element's name. For example Carbon is referred to as " C". Then, the element’s name is shown right after the symbol. Lastly, there's the mass number, which is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. So simply for us to find the number of protons we automatically
When a volcano erupts, the focus is particularly on the consequences that take place near the volcano, such as weather conditions, the impact on nature, and the people who are affected. The noticeable changes that take place after a volcanic eruption includes the decrease in the temperature, natural disasters, such as tsunamis, droughts, and hurricanes, and the air pollution, which can be harmful to plants, animals, and people.
There are eight planets in our solar system. The first planet closest to the sun is Mercury. Therefore, Mercury is the hottest planet. Mercury’s surface is cold. However, in the daytime Mercury can get as hot as 840 degrees fahrenheit, which is 450 degrees celsius. During night time the temperature can decrease to 275 degrees fahrenheit, or -170 degrees celsius. Mercury is the smallest planet. Mercury is the quickest planet to move around the sun. Its speed is approximately 112,000 mph along its elliptical orbit. Mercury can move around the sun in 88 days. There are craters in mercury, and scientist believe ice is in the craters.