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El paquete de Bali: Un planteamiento de ganancias sin acciones claras
Como consecuencia de la novena conferencia ministerial, celebrada por parte de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, el 7 de diciembre en Indonesia, se firmaron diferentes acuerdos que buscaban liberar el comercio a nivel mundial para concluir una serie de negociaciones comerciales multilaterales que habían iniciado en Doha en 2001 y que planteaba una serie de dificultades por los diferentes intereses de los 159 Estados pertenecientes, pero que, ahora, tiene una proyección de trabajo a 12 meses.
Los objetivos del paquete de Bali son: “Acelerar los procedimientos aduaneros; facilitar, acelerar y abaratar el comercio; aportar claridad, eficiencia y transparencia; reducir la burocracia y la corrupción, y aprovechar los avances tecnológicos” (OMC 2013).
Estas negociaciones, que son asumidas desde algunas perspectivas como el primer acuerdo de la OMC, incluyen cinco aspectos en los que se basan los acuerdos y que están relacionados con el desarrollo, el primer tema que incluye está relacionado con la agricultura, que además de asuntos comerciales, producción y aranceles aborda temas álgidos como seguridad alimentaria y progreso rural en países en desarrollo. También se busca que los productos no agrícolas logren espacios importantes en mercados con reducción o eliminación de aranceles especialmente en los productos de exportación de los Estados no desarrollados (OMC 2013). Esto busca facilitar las transacciones comerciales con menos trámites, trabajo más acelerado y eficaz en las aduanas.
La OMC ha calculado que los beneficios de la economía mundial se ubicarían entre 400.000 millones y 1 billón de dólares. El Instituto Peterson de Economía Internacional de Washing...
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...os al algodón en Estados Unidos: sus efectos en África”. vol 57, NÚM. 5. 2007. Disponible en: http://revistas.bancomext.gob.mx/rce/magazines/103/2/Figueroa-Olivares01.pdf
• FAO. “Cotton subsidies in rich countries mean lower prices Worldwide” 2008. Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/newsroom/es/focus/2005/89746/article_89759es.html (consultado el 7 de abril de 2014)
• The Conversation. Read Robert. “WTO Bali deal offers more symbolism than substance” 2013. http://theconversation.com/wto-bali-deal-offers-more-symbolism-than-substance-21292 (consultado el 7 de abril de 2014)
• IMD. “THE WTO BALI PACKAGE” 2013. Disponible en: http://www.imd.org/research/challenges/TC095-13-wto-bali-package-carlos-braga.cfm (consultado el 9 de febrero de 2014)
• BBC news. Walker, Andrew 3 2013. Disponible en: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-25274889 (consultado el 7 de abril de 2014)
The Michoacan state in Mexico has become the world’s largest producer of avocadoes. Although this vegetable is grown on farms throughout this state, it is also tied to an integral network of trade and export to countries across the globe. In this essay, I will argue that like any commodity chain study, the production of the organic Hass avocado has an intricate production process, which for my commodity chain study begins in Uruapan, Mexico a town in the state of Michoacan. This analysis has indicated the crucial underlying links to trade, labour, and demand that the export of this vegetable has created throughout North America and the rest of the world. I hope to establish these links in an attempt to ‘defetishize’ this commodity and bring about the broader and conflicting issues that have resulted between Mexico and nearby countries such as the United States and Canada. I will begin this research by briefly reviewing the actual process and networks that the organic Hass avocado forms from the farms in Uruapan and the path it takes to the grocery stores in Vancouver, Canada. Then look to the implications of NAFTA and other related issues that have affected the trading process of avocadoes and has created severe divisions between the USA and Mexico. I will establish the importance of the organic produce industry and its exports to further developed countries with increasing demand for these organic products. And conclude that the future of the organic produce industry may be struck with ongoing divisions, as it becomes more globalized, between larger organic agricultural firms and smaller organic farmers who rely heavil...
Tuncer, B. and P. Schroeder. 2007. Chapter 8 Sambazon - marketing the acai berry: sustaintable agro-forestry in the Brazilian Amazon. Paper read at SCP casis in the field of Food, Mobilitiy and Housing, at Paris, France.
Historical journalist, Peter Chapman reminds us in his book about the history of the banana industry how for decade’s one multinational, United Fruit Company (recognised in modern society as Chiquita) was often condemned for bribing Latin American government officials in exchange for preferential treatment, enslaving workers, inspiring an abusive monopoly and inciting US coups against small nations; an event now recognised as the “banana republic’s” of Central America.
"Market Access for Goods: A Uruguay Round Summary for Developing Country Exporters." International Trade Forum.1 (1995): 4. ProQuest. Web. 8 Apr. 2014.
Gonzalez, Carmen G. "Institutionalizing Inequility: The WTO Agreement on Agriculture, Food Security and Developing Countries." Columbia Journal of Enviromental Law (2002): 431-487.
The process of joining the World Trade Organization is very complicated. The country applying for membership must first describe all characteristics of its economic and trade policies. The prospective member will then begin parallel bilateral talks with member countries to n...
One of the main features of Ecuador ’s economy is its dependence on only a few key export commodities, most importantly oil and bananas. Oil accounts for approximately 40% of the export economy, while bananas are responsible for about 17%, and Ecuador is the largest producer of bananas in the world. The rest of the economy is mostly based on less important agricultural exports, such as shrimp and flowers, which account for 6% and 4% of exports respectively. Ecuador is almost completely reliant on the success of these few industries, particularly oil, and so has suffered through a cycle of boom and bust economies over the past several decades, since oil was discovered in the 1970s. Furthermore, in the last six years Ecuador has had four different presidents, and the national office has been dogged by scandals and corruption. This environment has made it very difficult for the government to accomplish the reforms that are necessary to stabilize the nation when the economy faces a serious downturn.
Kargar, J. (2004, January 1). Amazon.com in 2003. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 33-52. Retrieved February 24, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1909313031).
3. Dijck P. van, and Faber, G. (eds.), Challenges to the new World Trade Organization, 299-306 1996 Kluwer Law International
Working Group on the WTO/MAI. “A Citizen’s Guide to the World Trade Organization” (July 1999): 1-28
There are examples of bilateral trade of Indonesia with several countries, such as United States, Australia, Japan, China, ASEAN,and the European Union. The relations between Indonesia and the U.S. is important
After the failed International Trade Organization, Rodrik discusses the Bretton Woods Agreement, the transition from the General Agreement on Tariffs and T...
Gilpin observed that the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on January 1, 1995 as the principal forum for trade liberalization marked the biggest reform of the international trading system since the end of the Second World War. In this paper, I will provide an analysis of the evolution of the international trading system from its inception as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to its incarnation as the World Trade Organization (WTO), taking into account the changing international economic environment and political realities.
CDI (2009).Tarahumaras- Rarámuri. Recuperado el 2014 de enero de 28, de Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas: http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=607&Itemid=62
Joel R Campbell, Leena Thacker Kumar, and Steve Slagle. "Bargaining Sovereignty: State Power and Networked Governance in a Globalizing World." International Social Science Review 85.3/4 (2010): 107. Print.