Introduction
Stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice are phenomena that motivate animated debate amid the scholars as well as the public. Many ponder on which acts should be deemed discriminatory, when they can come to a conclusion that a decision or a social guideline preference is actually founded on prejudice and the role played by prejudice in creating gender and racial disparities. Also of immense interest are queries regarding how the society should react to these problems and whether they have been dealt with in a pleasing manner. Social psychologists lunge into this dispute equipped with scientific method, hoping to gather evidence that can shed the much needed light on these continuing worries. In particular, this paper seeks to shed some light as to why stereotypes and prejudices occur in the mind of perceivers, as well as the manner and under which circumstances they are most likely to manipulate perceivers’ explicit behavior.
Conceptual Definitions
Prejudice cannot be readily defined. Even when evidence seems unambiguous, claims of prejudice are usually hotly contested. Allport defined prejudice as an antipathy that is founded on an inflexible and faulty generalization. He further stated that it can be expressed or felt, directed towards an individual or a group. An integral part of the acknowledgment of prejudice lies in properly identifying the appropriate category under which antagonism is targeted. For instance, the populace may not be prejudiced generally against ladies, but they may be fairly prejudiced against ladies who take up social roles usually set for men. Some prejudice may at times take the form condescending or patronizing reactions, when groups are understood to be dependent or incompetent. E...
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...apart from the intricate of determining the past intentions of an individual, this stance fails to notice the fact that many types of decisions, including lawful ones, can be made in a way that mirrors mindless routines that can replicate discriminatory results without any conscious intention on the part of the person who made the decision. For instance, personnel managers may depend on their former schoolmates’ networks in order to identify competent candidates merely because that is what has been done in the past, without bearing in mind that this approach may disadvantage other qualified individuals who are not well connected. Decision makers may also be influenced in a manner they do not consciously appreciate by involuntary mental associations that color their idea of others.
Discrimination can also take fine forms and need not comprise of blatant exclusion.
As a graduate student at the University of Chicago, Brent Staples never realized before the strong stereotype against black men has he had the one late night walk. When on a late night walk, Staples, a young black man realized the stereotype that most Americans have of the young black male. As a young white woman was walking that night in front of him and caught a glimpse of Staples approaching her. She became uncomfortable in the situation and responded by running away from Staples. Not until this incident did Staples realize the negative impact of the young black male on other people, often resulting in being intimidated. He was not seen as a young bright adult with a prominent future, rather he was seen as a mugger, or worse yet a rapist. He did not ask to be seen as a misconception of what others may believe him to be. People were often quick to judge him based solely on the color of his skin and nothing else. He was a twenty-two year old black male that stood over six feet with a broad frame. Brent had experienced many instances where people would see him as a person he is not. For example, one time he walked into a jewelry store and instantly the cashier assumed he was about to rob the store. She replied to her false premonition by going to the back of the store and coming out with a Doberman Pincher to chase him away. It is instances like this that can scar an individual and make him doubt oneself, but Brent did not and he found that he could fix the situation. His solution to the problem was whistling. He found that when he would whistle people saw him as less threatening, even thought most low-lifes did not know Beethoven or Mozart. Still, he found ways to deal with his problems and so can everyone else who is judged only on their physical appearance. Similarly to
Prejudice: is an unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual’s membership of a social group, for example a person may hold prejudiced views towards a certain race or gender. A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude. So that means someone can be prejudice towards a certain group but not discrimate against them, an example of this was in the scene when the couple was walking down the street and as the two black man walked towards them she clinched her purse and held her husband even tighter. She judged them without even knowing what their intentions were. The interesting part was she was right and they need up carjacking them
Prejudice is a topic of interest to social psychologists and society as a whole. Prejudice can be defined as ‘an attitude that predisposes a person to think, feel, perceive and act in a favourable or unfavourable way towards a group or its individual members’ (Secord and Backman, 1974, p). Prejudice is often the cause of negative behaviour such as bullying and aggression. Discrimination such as; racism, ageism, sexism, nationalism, classism may occur as a result. Jane Elliot’s study: A Class Divided (1968) attempts to highlight prejudicial behaviour in children. Elliot divided her class into groups of eye colour. She told the children that blue eye colour defined people to be more intelligent and superior to those with brown eyes. Results showed that the divide caused pupils to develop characteristic responses of discrimination. Additionally, it showed the subconscious affect of discrimination by both the oppressor and the oppressed. (Video, 1968)
Prejudices shape our perceptions of various people and influence our attitudes and actions toward particular groups and prejudicial attitudes that are negative often lead to hostile relations between domi...
Have you ever sat down and questioned whether if stereotyping is really an issue? Many of us don’t really even know what stereotyping really is or what it does to our society. According to the Dictionary stereotyping is a form of pre-judgment. Which is as prevalent in today’s society as it was thousands of years ago. Throughout generations its purpose has stayed the same. Stereotypes are a huge issue in today’s society, as it will be for future ones. It labels a person on how they should act or live according to their sex, race, personality, and other fact .Not only do they affect society but also the person who is being stereotyped against. It does this by depriving one’s true ability for change and freedom of expression. They have created a distortion of how everything and every individual should be. Stereotyping is bad for society because it leads to discrimination, which harms individuals, and makes a negative future for future generations.
Arizona State University (2005), stated humans have learned to be prejudiced “through evolution as an adaptive response to protect ourselves from danger”. However, this instinct goes wrong because a majority of people are unable to see past prejudices and develop better understandings of their environments. This often results in harmful acts between different groups and would suggest that it must be controlled if not eliminated. Based on Rauch's thinking however, prejudice and its developments should not be removed from public environments like the university campus because it is necessary to have true intellectual pluralism based on unfiltered human thoughts. The question remains of whether the benefits of intellectual pluralism have to come at the cost of allowing harmful acts of prejudice to exist. In the university setting, the answer is no. So long as universities work to channel prejudice as a means of advancing knowledge the way Rauch believes it should, the negative developments of prejudice that people attempt to eradicate would be kept to a
In this paper, I am writing about my own personal experiences and perceptions of biases and prejudices. Although I have some experiences with biases and prejudices, the idea of hidden biases is a new concept for me. I will be merging what I already know with the new concepts that I have learned from the website.
An assortment of determinants is accountable for our racism, stereotypes, and inequity. One organization of determinants we can name is the ones connected to the way we intellectually compute data. In general, these methods bring to reasoning’s towards other individuals, reasoning’s that do not take inside the differentness of the person. Preparing decisions towards people placed on their affiliation in an organization entrusts, principally, on observing that there are organizations.
Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are important topics at the cause of debating within social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variation (Akert, Aronson, & Wilson, 2010). As humans, people assign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is the question; according to Devine (2007), it is, but Lepore and Brown (2007) have to disagree. Devine believes that “stereotyping is automatic, which makes it inevitable.” On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotyping is automatic, and have claimed, after observation, that it depends on the individual.
Ever hear someone passing judgement on another person just because of that person's race, occupation, hobby, or appearance with no basis to support those claims? In most cases than not these people are being either stereotyped or misconceptualized. Although not all stereotypes and misconceptions are negative. Stereotypes are widely believed mental pictures of groups of people, which may also be true but slightly exaggerated. Misconceptions on the other hand, are views that are incorrect based on untruths. These stereotypes are created to categorize groups of people. While misconceptions are formed from having stereotypes. However, stereotypes and misconceptions are not the same as discrimination or being prejudice. Prejudice involves attitude
Everyone is prejudice in some way or another. From a young age individuals observe, or are taught discrimination against others. Whether it is because of religion, sexuality, race, gender, personality, or just someone’s way of life, everyone is biased. In many ways, who we are today, is influenced by our race, ethnicity, and culture, and overall our individual identities. Every experience, positive or negative, has an impact on how we react to something in the future. Decisions others make, can impact the way we interact with others, our personal beliefs, and all together our life experiences. Along our path of life, we meet people with different goals and circumstances they’ve encountered which make them who they are and why they do certain things a certain way. But our experiences
In the modern era, stereotypes seem to be the ways people justify and simplify the society. Actually, “[s]tereotypes are one way in which we ‘define’ the world in order to see it” (Heilbroner 373). People often prejudge people or objects with grouping them into the categories or styles they know, and then treat the types with their experiences or just follow what other people usually do, without truly understand what and why. Thus, all that caused miscommunication, argument or losing opportunities to broaden the life experience. Stereotypes are usually formed based on an individual’s appearance, race, and gender that would put labels on people.
Most people find stereotypes to be obnoxious, especially when they have to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. “Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviors” (Floyd, 61). Because they underestimate the differences among individuals in a group, stereotyping can lead to inaccurate and offensive perceptions of other people. Although stereotypes are prevalent in almost every society, becoming aware of our perceptions of others, as well as differentiating between both positive and negative stereotypes can help us overcome those stereotypes.
If a young girl is walking alone through a park late at night and encounters three senior citizens walking with canes and three teenage boys wearing leather jackets, it is likely that she will feel threatened by the latter and not the former. Why is this so? To start off, we have made a generalization in each case. By stereotyping, we assume that a person or group has certain characteristics. Often, these stereotypical generalizations are not accurate. We are succumbing to prejudice by ?ascribing characteristics about a person based on a stereotype, without knowledge of the total facts?1.
With the modern day fad of being politically correct, stereotyping is seen with a negative view. Oversimplifying people can spawn many different reactions, but many aspects of the world are built upon the foundation of stereotyping. It can not only be a useful thing, but it can also be a very effective way of deciding how to react to someone. While stereotypes may seem rash and uneducated, many of them have been created for a reason.