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Importance of language in communication process
Importance of language to communication
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The effectiveness of using songs to teach pronunciation in Libyan secondary school English as a foreign language classroom
Chapter 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the most ways than not, the teaching of English is always a polemic. In a way, emphasis is put on accuracy (rules) than fluency (smoothness of speech) and vice versa. However, to possess a full command of the language, one has to be proficient in both areas (Watkins, 2005, p. 83,84), even though it is not an easy task. This means, communication is as important as grammar. One of the most important aspects of the language is pronunciation. However, pronunciation teaching is a crucial factor to be considered even though it is difficult. Different methods are used to teach pronunciation. One of these methods is songs.
As to intelligible, pronunciation is important. Some areas that need to be considered are sounds, stress, length of vowels and intonation. A slight difference in these areas can change the intended meaning of the speaker. According to Kelly (2000, p11), a speaker who ''consistently mispronounces a range of phonemes'' can be hardly understood by his or her listener.For example, / ˈðei / as in they and /dei/ as in a day are easily mispronounced especially by L2 learners which leads to distortion of meaning.Other than that, the speaker's pronunciation error may inhibit successful communication (Ebong, Sabbadini, 2006; Kelly, 2000).Hence ,incorrect pronunciation may strain communication which leads to frustration to the speaker and the listener .Consequently ,the speaker refuses to repeat the message too many times and the listener might get intimidated for not being able to process what is being said. Perhaps, this is the reason second language (henceforth ...
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... function (Harvey, 2004). Meanwhile, Fraser (1994, p.104) defined "effectiveness" as a measure of the match between stated goals and their achievement. It is always possible to achieve 'easy', low-standard goals. In other words, quality in higher education cannot only be a question of achievements 'outputs' but must also involve judgements about the goals (part of 'inputl')
Songs: As defined by the free dictionary.com, songs are a piece of musical work that is composed with words for the voice. In other words, songs can also be interpreted as a brief composition, written or adapted for singing .
Pronunciation: Kelly defined this term as the sounds of language that may occur in isolation or as part of a loner stream of sounds. Kelly also added that listeners can detect patterns in the way sounds are organized and also the meanings they carry (2000, p. 49(
Oxford’s dictionary defines music: as vocal or instrumental sounds or both, combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. Music, as a form of expression and communication, comes in many forms and styles: classical, folk, country, rock, and electronic
Language plays a huge role in everyday life- connotation, denotation, etymology, idioms- all of these things come into play. We as English-speakers sometimes have trouble understanding certain expressions or accents- imagine the Price family trying to decipher French and Kilangan.
Effective means if the application of techniques used did not produce any or enough effects for practical value, then it has failed and is not effective (Baer et al., 1968). Let’s look back at one of my previous examples. If the son that woke up late every day for school and missed the bus and the consequence his mother set in place didn’t work or wasn’t producing a large enough effect, then it’s not
The proper use of pronunciation is what helps a message be understood easily by other fluent English speakers. Often times, an ELL student can struggle with forming a word correctly and may cause a word to be pronounced as a different, but similarly sounding word. One example of how the pronunciation of a word can cause a message to be unclear a Spanish speaker pronouncing “kitchen” as “chicken”. These two words are very close in sound, but each word has a completely different meaning. A mother that asks a child to “please clean the kitchen” greatly differs from the mispronounced word that has changed the sentence to “please clean the chicken”. There are many speech therapy courses that are offered in schools that will improve a child’s ability to speak productively. In the oral language speech by ELL student Tania, the Spanish student faces challenges while pronouncing “stories about magic, vampires “. These impediments can be worked on and improved over time. The grading scale of pronunciation on a rubric can range from insufficient in the result of being virtually unintelligent; to excellent, being that it pleasantly uses intonation and pronunciation as accurately as a native speaker
People need to adapt their use of language to suit the participating audience. Culture and exposure to different contexts define the contact of society and the way each group of people are going to interact. Historically, only a fraction of the languages of the world have been written (Coulmas, 2013). Verbal communication is highly relied on to make meaning as mentioned in Crystal,(2005), Unique features of speech include most of the prosody, the many variations of intonation, loudness, tempo, rhythm, and other tones of voice cannot be written down with much efficiency. Adaptation and the ability to understand alternative ways to communicate are vital aspects of using written and spoken English in a way of
Kyriacou, C. (2001) Effective Teaching in Schools: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. Nelson Thornes Ltd.
What is a Music / Music? According to dictionary.com, music is “an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, and color.” Music is the product of sound waves coming from anything that creates a melodic tone. There are different genre’s of music, ranging from rock to pop to classical. Each person likes different genre’s of music.
The term “pronunciation” itself used to wrap all aspect of how we employ speech sound in order to communicate (Schmitt, 2002). Pronunciation is not only about how the words said, but also refers to the sounds production that people use to make meaning. As well as Ramelan says, there are two features in English pronunciation. First, segmental features which consist of vowel and consonant. Second, supra-segmental features which consist of aspect of speech, such as intonation, phrasing, stress, timing, rhythm (AMEP,2012). When people doing communication with others, especially native speakers, they are not only should have to mastery the vocabulary and grammar but also good pronunciation. Even people mastery the whole grammar and thousands of vocabularies, but if they do not speak clearly then other people will not understand what they are talking about. Pronunciation is also important since people will judge someone’s background of education and social standing by the way that person
Listening is an important skill to develop in the language learners because they need it to obtain information, to learn and to communicate, etc. However, learning listening is the most difficult skill for English learners, especially non-major students. In fact, some major students or some non-major students even have been studying English for a long time but they cannot over the hindrance of listening part in the test. The questions why students found learning listening is difficult and what problems they can meet when they listen to English. Underwood (1989 cited by Chen, 2005) gave some problems were:
The end is really your goal----academic excellence. Effectiveness is not just a matter of reaching any goal, but rather of achieving the right goal in bits or blocks. Imagine yourself sitting among many students at your speech and prize giving day, validation or convocation ceremony, and what applause you received as you walk down to the stage to collect a prize of the overall best student.
English teachers all over the world cry out for materials which can make English live for their students in schools and colleges, and for them the radio broadcasts and TV programmes of English by Radio and Television provide just such a resource.
Teacher effectiveness has generated different definitions depending on how it had been viewed. Jupp and Education (2009) define effectiveness as “the practical outputs of teachers”. These outputs take place in two different forms, quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative means it can be measured or expressed in numerical form. Qualitative is related to the character of something. Test scores and assessments of students are quantitative and teacher observations of their students are qualitative. In their article, Jupp and Education (2009) strongly feel teacher effectiveness cannot be looked at based on one point in time; instead students learning should be evaluated from the beginning of a school year to the end looking at what students know before and what they know exiting.
Sekelj and Rigo (2011) stated that there are three phases of learning the English language. The first phase is the pupils of Year 1 to Year 4, where in this phase, pupils are preferably do a lot of mechanical drilling and practicing some patterns of grammatical features which occur in the context of dialogue that are related to their real-life without any metalinguistic explanation in order to allow them to participate orally and physically as much as possible in dialogues, role playing and dramatizing. It is because, in this stage, it is important to make them conscious of their progress and increasing their motivation to use the language. Teacher should use a variety of activities to teach grammar such as by using songs, riddles, games and stories because it could be very helpful and an efficient ways in teaching grammar as what had suggested by Long (2000) where this FonF approach is effective because it is learner-centered and tune to the learners’ internal syllabus. According to Sekelj and Rigo (2011), Vilke (1977) said that, at the early age, the unconscious acquisition process is superior to the learning one due to the child’s cognitive development. Next, the second phase is Year 5 to Year 6 where in this stage, grammar start to be taught explicitly but with simple and clear explanation and awareness of accuracy of grammar structure should be
Sterling, P. (2014, January 8). Efficiency vs. Effectiveness. Retrieved from American Public Works Association: http://www.lcnetwork.co.uk/effectiveness-doing-the-right-things/
All languages have vast variety of speech sound. Phonology have essentials terms in which each of them show the difference between how phonology is differ than phonetics as its not responsible for how to articulate. These phonological terms known as : phoneme , allophone, clear & dark l , syllabic l, minimal pairs , assimilation ,linking r , intrusive r, aspiration , consonant structure & syllable structure. A phoneme is a meaningful sound which shows the difference between two sounds which can change the meaning of word like : . Although allophones are the variation of same sound but they don’t change the meaning of it like < pin / spin >. However