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Impact of low birth weight
What is the impact of low birth weight
Comorbidities associated with low birth weight
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Recommended: Impact of low birth weight
Low birth weight is a major problem which has a global impact. It is a major public health problem. The birth weight of an infant is the single most important determinant of its chances of survival, healthy growth and development. [2]
Definition of Low Birth Weight:
According to WHO definition it has been defined as weight at birth of less than 2500 gms (5.5 pounds). That was based on the epidemiological observations that infants weighing less than 2500gms are 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. [ 4]
Causes of low birth weight:
Many factors affect the duration of gestation and of foetal growth, and thus , the birth weight.
• For the same gestational age girls weigh less than boys, First born infants are lighter than subsequent infants, and twins weigh less than singletons.
• Mother’s nutritional status from pregnancy to birth of the child.
• Women with short stature, women living at high altitudes
• Infections like malaria, HIV or syphilis
• Complication such as hypertension.
• Low socio- economic status. [4]
Defining the Costs Associated with Low Birth Weight :
• The components of total cost for low birth weight include the costs of the medical care, special education, early intervention, and other support services consumed disproportionately by low birth weight children.
• Additional costs to the family, such as the extra time that parents of sick low birth weight babies devote to their care, are also components of the cost of low birth weight.
• In a cost-of-illness analysis, the different levels of resources associated with an illness or condition such as low birth weight are identified, quantified, and valued in money terms.
• Once they have been quantified and valued, the v...
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...oper implementation of policies and programmes achievements can be attained
REFERENCES:
1. Lewit ME, Baker LS, Corman H, Shiono HP. Journal Issue: [online journal]. Low Birth Weight. Volume 5, number 1,spring 1995 [ cited on 7th April 2014]
http://futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=60&articleid=371§ionid=2487
2. Park K. A Text book of Preventive and social medicine.19th ed.Jabalpur, banarasidas Banot publishers ; 2007; pg: 495
3. http://nrhm.gov.in/search.html?searchword=pip%20karnataka&ordering=newest&searchphrase=all&limit=20 [Cited on 7th April 2014]
4. http://www.childinfo.org/files/low_birthweight_from_EY.pdf
5. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/Alderman-ReduceLowBirthWeightwhole.pdf [Cited on 7th April 2014]
Asfour, V, and S Bewley. 2011. Cord clamping practice could affect the ratio of placental weight to birth weight and perinatal outcomes. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 118 (12): 1539–40. Retrieved November 8, 2014
Two-thirds of infants die during the first month of life due to low birth weight (Lia-Hoagberg et al, 1990). One reason for this outcome is primarily due to difficulties in accessing prenatal care. Prenatal health care encompasses the health of women in both pre and post childbearing years and provides the support for a healthy lifestyle for the mother and fetus and/or infant. This form of care plays an important role in the prevention of poor birth outcomes, such as prematurity, low birth weight and infant mortality, where education, risk assessment, treatment of complications, and monitoring of fetus development are vital (McKenzie, Pinger,& Kotecki, 2012). Although every woman is recommended to receive prenatal health care, low-income and disadvantaged minority women do not seek care due to structural and individual barriers.
According to Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, “In the United States, nearly thirteen percent of babies are born preterm, and many of these babies also have a low birth weight.” The baby may be put into the NICU for varies reasons. However, the most common reason that a child is put into the NICU is because he or she is premature. Premature means the baby was born before the 36 weeks. It is never good for a baby to be born early, as this could mean that the baby is not fully developed. There are other factors as to why a child may need to be put into the NICU after birth. For instance, birth defects can be the cause of why a baby is put into the NICU. A baby may be born with an infection such as herpes or chlamydia which can damage the newborns immune system at such a young age. Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia can also cause an infant to be put into the NICU. Some maternal factors of why a baby may be put into the NICU is if the mother is “younger than 16 or older than 40.” If the parent may be an alcoholic or expose the baby to drugs, this can put the child into NICU care. If the parent has an STD or sexual transmitted disease, the baby is most likely going to have to be put into the intensive care unit. “Twins, triplets, and other multiples are often admitted into the NICU, as they tend to be born earlier and s...
Maternal & Child Health Journal, 8(3), 107-110. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=14089739&site=ehost-live.
Low birth weight is arisen due to preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or both. Therefore low birth weight infants can be considered as a heterogeneous group of infants. Premature infants are born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Those babies account for about 70% of low birth weight infants in the world. In other words, many low birth weight infants are premature. This is linked with mortality, morbidity, disability in infancy and has a greater risk of having chronic diseases in later life.
Siega, R., Adair, L., & Hoebl, C. (1996). Maternal underweight status and inadequate rate of
Macfarlane and Mugford, 2000). However, birth weight is a major factor in determining infant survival, future physical growth and mental development. In addition, maternal nutritional status mainly affect to the low birth weight.
Hickey, C. A., McNeal, S. F., Menefee, L., & Ivey, S. (1997 October). Prenatal Weight Gain Within Upper and Lower Recommended Ranges: Effect on Birth weight of Black and White Infants. Obstetrician and Gynecology, 90(4).
There are many things in this world are expensive. A lot of people will agree that raising children is one. Children require food, shelter, medical insurance, and clothes. This is still no excuse for abortion. There is several government and non-government funded agencies and funding available to help with families who may be struggling to provide for their families. There are several options such as welfare, snap benefits program, food banks, thrift stores, and many others that help lighten the stressful financial load of raising children. There are programs like Medicaid, which provides health coverage for individuals making below a certain income, which differs from state to state. There is also a CHIP program (Children’s Health Care and Insurance) that provides coverage to nearly 8 million children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid, but cannot afford coverage, (Medicaid.gov.) Between Medicaid and the CHIP program coverage is provided to more than 45 million children in the United States. (Medicaid.gov). All children involved in the Medicaid and CHIP program are entitled to comprehensive medical plans. (Medicad.gov children) Medical care is a big expense for some families. Medicaid and CHIP cover a lot of children but for some that do not qualify for either there is also Obamacare, which is suppose to be affordable healthcare for Americans. There are also local clinics that will see patients for little or nothing if individuals do not have insurance. There are also programs that assist with food. Snap is a program whose purpose is to end hunger and improve nutrition by providing monthly benefits to eligible low income households to help them buy the food they need for good health, (benefits,gov SNAP) Th...
Prenatal care includes the treatment and care before birth to prevent health problems for both the mother and child in the future. Without health insurance, the average cost of prenatal care is about $2,000 (in-text citation). However, this isn’t their only dilemma, without insurance coverage, women will need to pay for not only prenatal care, but also maternity care, hospital delivery, hospital stay, post-partum healthcare, check-ups, and much more. Prenatal care is only a fraction of what their total bill will come out as. After the repeal and replace of Obamacare, the medical costs for pregnancy care before, during, and after may severely increase for women being considered as a pre-existing
feeding, or are more health conscious once they have a second child. SOme parents will be
that, in turn, could adversely affect the weight of very young children” (child Trends). Works cited Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., Frongillo, E. A., & Briefel, R. R. (2001). Food insufficiency, family income, and health in U.S. preschool and school-aged children. American Journal of Public Health, 91(5), 781-786. Bronte-Tinkew, J., Zaslow, M., Capps, R., & Horowitz, A. (2007).
...ht. Other factors that contribute to babies being born of a healthy weight or of normal range contributes to the mother’s own weight both before and during pregnancy. Furthermore, it is very essential to get enough proper nutrients to ensure a healthy birth weight. Also, your prenatal health is important and ensuring that you do not smoke, drink, or have other risk factors such as hypertension that can cause problems during pregnancy and to your baby. Besides, a baby 's race can contribute to babies being born of a normal range birth weight. Babies that are born of Caucasian race tend to be larger babies than black babies or babies of other ethnicity. Furthermore, a low birth weight baby is considered less than 5.5 pounds and a high birth weight is more than 8.8 pounds (“Birth Weight”, 2016). However, a normal birth weight can be between 5.5 pounds and up.
Future of the world determine by new generation. They must be a healthy and strong for face future world. Billons of babies born every year but they have various type of illness and heath defects. Among this kind of effect major cause is low birth weight. Thirty millions of babies are facing this effect. That is 23.8% percentage from all births. World Health organization is defined low birth weight as weight at birth of less than 2500grams. Also it can differentiate three major stage of low birth weight as below 2500g of infants are low birth weight, below 1500g infants are introduce as very low birth weight and below 1000g infants are called as extremely low birth weight. That can cause in child hood and also in adult life. Initial stages have mortality, morbidity and disability problems. This cause is mainly due to mother health condition in malnutrition. Low birth weight is affect to global and local for society from economic, health and development. This cause is normally higher in developing countries. Nowadays percentage of low birth weight babies are decreasing.