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The Cambridge History of American Literature VI
The Cambridge History of American Literature VI
The Cambridge History of American Literature VI
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As the new world struggled to gain impendence from its mother country, Britain, native authors also try to develop their own style of writings. It quickly became evident that the search for a native literature became a national obsession. Then with the triumph of American independence, many at the time saw this as a divine sign that America and her people were destined for greatness. Greatness came with a strong nation and thousands of poems and stories that still shape our nation. The recent revolution greatly expressed the heart of the American people. However, it would take another fifty years of development throughout American before it produced the first great generation of American writers such as, Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson, just to name a few.
There was a sense of enlightenment that spread over America in the 18th century.
Many of the stories reflected the sense of freedom that came with the revolution. Consider Washington Irving, he was among the first American writers who gained an international reputation by writing short stories. Irving had a special talent for creating a magical, fairytale quality in his tales, notably, "Rip Van Winkle" and thus helped shape the folklore of early America. "Rip Van Winkle" demonstrating the struggle that man had in order to be truly free, rather nationally or individually. His elegant writing style, full of gentle humor and vivid descriptions, became the building block for other writers to come. Around the same time as Irving's "Rip Van Winkle", William Cullen Bryant's "Thanatopsis displayed a pantheistic view of nature as imbued by God" (7th ed, p, 476). Bryant...
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... Such change is evident in Walt Whitman democratic spirit that was starting to develop. Although many years did not go by, lots changed in American history as well as American literature.
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"Edgar Allan Poe." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2008, 16:16 UTC. 19 Oct 2008 .
Kennedy, Gerald J. A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001
The authors’ literary works had a way of communicating and expressing their way of life by their own writing styles. The authors I will discuss shared their experience adapting into American culture. The authors I chosen to discuss is Anne Bradstreet, Phillis Wheatley, and Thomas Paine who are distinctly different people who share a common background, but overcome different obstacles living in America. The criteria I have to share about their life experiences is their own writings and documented information from credible resources. The analyses and interpretations in the authors writings gives us idea about who they are because of their hardships in America, a new government, and their new culture.
The “American Renaissance” was known as the time period which American writers had produced a significant mature level of writing within American and the development of literary nationalism. The “American Renaissance” was influential and shaped the structure of many movements in American’s new settlement by a collection of authors. The author Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote “The Birth-Mark” had relation with the Age of Enlightenment that was involved in the renaissance. Ralph Waldo Emerson work’s “The Poet” and “The American Scholar” represented a national character in this time period. Henry David Thoreau wrote “Resistance to Civil Government” that showed examples of transcendentalism within this movement.
The literary rebellion, known as realism, established itself in American writing as a direct response to the age of American romanticism’s sentimental and sensationalist prose. As the dominance of New England’s literary culture waned “a host of new writers appeared, among them Bret Harte, William Dean Howells, and Mark Twain, whose background and training, unlike those of the older generation they displaced, were middle-class and journalistic rather than genteel or academic” (McMichael 6). These authors moved from tales of local color fiction to realistic and truthful depictions of the complete panorama of American experience. They wrote about uniquely American subjects in a humorous and everyday language, replete with their character’s misdeeds and shortcomings. Their success in creating this plain but descriptive language, the language of the common man, signaled the end of American reverence for British and European culture and for the more formal use of language associated with those traditions. In essence, these new authors “had what [the author] Henry James called “a powerful impulse to mirror the unmitigated realities of life,” in contrast to the romanticist’s insistence “on the author’s rights to avoid representations of “squalid misery” and to present instead an idealized and “poetic” portrait of life” (McMichael 6).
While all of these short stories and poems have the same main idea of America, and the societies that make it up, the authors all put their twist and opinion in their writing. Through different methods they can all place a heavy view on America, and therefore get 3 very distinctive points of view that connect to help the reader understand these
Giordano, Robert. "A short biography of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)." 27 June 2005. 5 April
America is a melting pot. Our leaders, immigrants from other countries, successes, and tragedies, are constantly changing this nation. American food, music, and ideals are also constantly being modified. American literature is no exception. Many great writers have influenced and reshaped our literature, and Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of them. He faced his problems and moved on. He was and is one of the most influential American writers, and he is more than a writer.
Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe: a collection of stories. New York: Tom Doherty associates, LLC, 1994
In addition, authors frequently lack originality and simply take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, morals, or religion. Successful writers are those who risk and go on to write about topics that many times others have been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions richly enhanced by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday lives…thought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality… Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t...
...n American Literature. By Henry Louis. Gates and Nellie Y. McKay. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2004. 387-452. Print.
In his short story, “Rip Van Winkle,” Washington Irving highlights the value of the fantastic and points out the need for America to remember its past. The reason he does this is because Americans of Irving’s time were disillusioned with the fanciful and imaginary elements of literature, preferring the more “mature” writing style of their English counterparts, who focused their energy on hard facts and truth or, “ more substantial food” (Martin 138). Because of this, many Americans believed that fiction was essentially childish and primitive. Young, newly founded America wished to prove that it was, in fact, “grown up” (Martin 138). As a writer, Irving understood the value of fiction, and set out to change the minds of his peers. He would accomplish this by showing them what the literature of a young nation ought to look like: full of optimism and spunk. Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle,” is the first truly and uniquely American tale.
Unger, Leonard, ed. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. Vol. 2. New York: Scribner's, 1974.
There are many quotes to describe a classical American author, but Ulysses S. Grant describes one particular true American author as “. . . the simple soldier, who, all untaught of the silken phrase markers, linked words together with an art surpassing the art of schools and into them put a something which will bring American ears, as long as America shall last, the roll of his vanished drums and the thread of his marching hosts.” (American Experience, Grant’s Memoirs) Mark Twain is this simple soldier who is a true American author who expressed America with his writings. He fought for America in his writings as he did when he fought in the Civil War; the realistic literary time period. And his travels around the nation and life-changing experiences influenced him to write for the American readers to imagine what he viewed. Twain is a true American author due to his life events that influenced him to share with his beloved readers.
In order to see how cultural and historical situations affect literature throughout history, it is important to get a brief history on each era discussed in this paper. The first era we will be reviewing will be writings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as; the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. The population of the United States had also started to increase due to immigration.
The country as it was in the early part of the twentieth century was shaped toward regenerating and recovering from World War I, the Great Depression, and a lot of other socially-crippling disruptions that were forever altering the United States in a lot of different ways. Some of the changes were good, and others were not so good. The spirit of loyalty and patriotism were alive and thriving in the air and in everyone's hearts, and the literature of that time greatly reflects the influence that this surge of patriotism brought upon the American peoples.