Difference between Directors and Shareholders
Directors:
One of the main requirements to register a Singapore Private Limited Company is that to have at least one Singapore resident director. This means that the person have to be a Singapore citizen, Singapore Permanent resident or Entrepreneur Pass holder.
Duties of directors fall under two broad categories:
1. Statutory duties of care, skill and diligence, and
2. General Law duties or fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith.
Statutory duties are administrative duties, enforced by the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority of Singapore (ACRA) such as:
1. General duties of disclosure.
2. Updating and maintaining the accounting records of the company.
3. Preparing the financial statement for the company’s Annual General Meeting (AGM).
4. Ensuring that the first AGM is held within 18 months of the incorporation of the company and, following that, in every calendar year, at an interval not exceeding 15 months.
5. Ensuring that regular directors’ and shareholders’ meetings are held in order to review the company’s financial and...
The specific obligations in this case would include monitor corporate governance activities and compliance with organization policies, and assess audit committee effectiveness and compliance with regulations
...are accountable to a board of directors and shareholders and publish annual reports that are public record so to make sure there financial standards are on the up and up.
First, forming an audit committee to reinforce a high road accounting measure. Segment wise reports for restaurant and retail operations are recommended. Second, establishing a compensation committee to review CEO goals, evaluate performance and determine compensations. Current executive compensation plan was based on 1994 standard and need update. Third, the threshold of poison pill should be raised to 20%. The 10% trigger might restrict investors without hostile intent in ISS’s perspective. However, activating poison pill is not recommended. At last, a nomination committee should be established to nominate independent directors. This committee would also recommend appropriate service tenure for independent board
The corporation’s business is carried out by its management, under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board, and each committee of the Board, has complete access to management. Also, the Board and committee member’s has access to independent advisors as each considers necessary or appropriate. Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt (2010) state that the Board of Directors also, issues shares, Adopts articles of merger or sha...
After all, directors are more familiar with company and its day to day transaction more than anyone else since that is their responsibility. Even though the directors have followed the procedures and received advice from qualified advisors from management and auditors that does not mean the directors do not have to assess the information received under s189 which was established in Sheahan v Verco & Hodge [2001] SASC 91. The directors stated that there were too many information which compromised of 450 pages. However, as Justin Middleton said the directors could minimise the information so they will only receive the vital information and that is intelligible to them. After all, it is important for directors to comprehend what sort of situation they are encountering and to certify that the financial statement is accurate. Otherwise, if the directors do not go through financial statement and relies solely on the auditors and management then being a director would have less requirements which can lead to an unqualified person becoming a director and causes the company to wind up. Not to mention, directors are meant to be more experienced and knowledgeable accumulated through their lifetime since that is what differentiate them from
Firstly, there is a mandatory assessment of the board’s performance every two years by an independent auditor. This is to ensure accountability. Additionally, there is now required online posting of board members’ and staffers’ travel expenses to lend to transparency.
Devane, D., Gates, S., Hatem, M., Sandall, J., Soltani, H., (2009), Midwife-led versus other models of care for childbearing women (Review), 3
The directors need to be able to view the financial performance of the group in order to make relevant and informed decisions. In order to obtain this information the correct procedures, as mentioned, must be followed to ensure that assets are not overstated and liabilities
Organizations that only have top management as the board members are more susceptible to accounting malpractices. Members of the board should preferably own shares in the company to ensure diligence when it comes to the interests of the company. Apart from the Board of Governors, there should also be an audit committee in place to oversee the financial dealings of the bank. Members of the board and the audit committee should have basic financial knowledge. Some of the members should also be experts in finances so that they can detect any anomaly that may take place in terms of financial reporting. An overhaul of the regulatory framework is required to empower authorities to intervene immediately, and make improvements. New technology is required. Manual antiquated processes should be eliminated because this causes greater human error and poor
The oversight responsibilities of the board, the CAE lacking of expertise or broad understanding of financial controls and responsibilities, and the understaffed internal audit functions lacking of independence and direct access to the board of directors contributed to the absence of internal controls. To begin with, the board should be retrained to achieve financial literacy to review financial reporting. Other than attending formal meetings, the board of directors should be more involved with the management. For the Audit Committee, the two members who were recruited as acquaintances to Brennahan need be replaced with experts who are more sufficiently knowledgeable about accounting rules beyond merely “financially literate”. Furthermore, the internal audit functions need to expand with different expertise commensurate with the expanded activities of the organization, testing financial reporting rather than internal controls from an operational perspective. The CAE should be more independent and proactive to execute audit plans, instead of following orders from the CFO, and initiate a direct and efficient communication between internal audit and audit
The Employment Act in Singapore is an act that covers every employee who is under the contract of service to their employer except employees engaged under managerial and executive levels or domestic workers. If either party intends to end the contract, they may do so with a notice of their motive of termination. Employees may need to serve a notice period before leaving, which ranges from 1 day to 1 month.
There are also many other roles a company secretary can take on, such as a negotiator with outside advisers, including accountants and lawyers; drafter of the governance section of the company’s annual report; guarantee ensuring that all reports are made available to shareholders according to the relevant regulatory or listing requirements and so on.
Finally I will state whether or not I agree with the given statement.cobd bdr sebdbdw orbd bdk inbd fobd bd. When a company receives a certificate of incorporation it has a 'separate legal personality'. In law the company becomes a legal person it its own right. The fundamental concept to become familiar with when starting up a business is the idea that the business has a legal personality in its own right, particularly when it assumes the form of a limited liability company. This essentially means that if one commences business as a limited liability company, then the corporation... ...
Nottingham Trent University. (2013). Lecture 1 - An Introduction to Corporate Governance. Available: https://now.ntu.ac.uk/d2l/le/content/248250/viewContent/1053845/View. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013.
Corporate governance is the set of guidelines that determines the control and organization of a particular company. The company’s board of directors is in charge of approving and reviewing changes to this set of formally established guidelines. Companies have to keep in mind the interests of multiple stakeholders, parties who have an interest in the company. Some of these stakeholders include customers, shareholders, management, and suppliers. Corporate governance’s focus is concentrated on the rights and obligations of three stakeholder groups in particular: the board of directors, management, and shareholders. Corporate governance determines how power is split between these three stakeholders. A company’s board of directors is the main stakeholder that influences the corporate governance of a company (Corporate Governance).