1. Introduction
Dwelling is defined as a house, flat or other places for residence. That is to say, although some dwellings embody unique culture, they are primarily constructed to satisfy people’s demands for comfortable living conditions. The adjustability of a dwelling is positively related to whether they can provide people with a comfortable indoor environment counting on their own structure and materials.
In ancient China, different kinds of dwellings are built according to the local environment. Nevertheless, in recent years, China has witnessed the construction of thousands of similar dwellings with low adjustability to nature, depending on heating or cooling system rather than proper structures. Despite the fact that they can be extraordinary
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Contrary to the situation in Northeast China, the average temperature in South of the Five Ridges ranges between 28-29℃ during the hottest month (Guohua, 2005), higher than the Effective Temperature. Moreover, South of the Five Ridges is a typical humid place with hot summer and warm winter. As a consequence, dwellings there are built with an extraordinary ability in reducing heat and draining off water.
Solar radiation is the main source of heat in South of the Five Ridges. Consequently, constructing sunshades is an effective way to avoid excessive heat. Firstly, from the aspect of the roof, dwellings in South of the Five Ridges are always with long and rake eaves, casting a shadow on the exterior walls (Guohua, 2005), thus reducing the temperature of external surfaces. Additionally, roofs are covered with at least one layer of tiles, which protects themselves from sunshine (Guohua, 2005). Secondly, since solar radiation is terribly strong in the west, doors and windows seldom face towards this direction (Guohua, 2005). Recessed portals or corner gates are constructed to block sunlight from shining directly into the room as well (Guohua, 2005). Last but not least, as exterior walls occupy the largest outside surfaces, shaded effects of them almost determine that of the whole dwelling. However, it is a complete waste of materials to cover all these walls, so the structure called connecting rooms and houses comes into existence (Guohua,
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With the booming of the market economy, comes the real estate industry and consumerism. Dwellings are therefore viewed as more of a kind of merchandise than shelters for people. Since merchandise is produced for profits according to people’s requirements, many dwellings with newfangled and exaggerated structures as well as vivid colours are constructed to gratify people’s vanity and more importantly to make profits (Xingling, Yu, & Ping, 2004). However, if architects blindly follow people’s vain consumption psychology, which can be induced by advertisements, they will finally forget their responsibility and create countless similar dwellings (Xingling et al., 2004). It is impossible to find one dwelling structure fitting all kinds of natural environment. That is to say, once dwellings have no difference to one another, they may lose their adjustability to
In the Late nineteenth century the population was growing at a rapid pace. The country had people flooding the biggest cities in the country such as New York City and Chicago. These populations were gaining more and more people every single year and the country has to do something to make places for these people to live. The government would go on to create urban housing programs. These programs were created to make homes for these people to live in. At the time it provided a place for people to live but as the populations grew it became a more cramped and rundown area because of the large populations in one place. These reforms eventually led to these areas becoming dangerous, they were rundown, and it created a hole that was difficult for people to get out of.
In the end of 18th century to 19th century, more and more people began moving into developed cities. Especially in New York City, thousands of new immigrants were seeking a better life than the one they had before. Tenements were built as a way to accommodate this growing population, and the majority people who lived in tenements were working-class, cause back to that time most tenements were located near factories, tenements were highly concentrated in the poorest neighborhoods of the city. A typical tenement building had four to five stories, in order to maximize the number of renters and to maximize their profits, builders wasted little space and buildings that had been single-family residence were divided into multiple living spaces to fit in more people, early tenements might dwell in almost 90 percent of their lots. There were no housing laws to protect the rights for people who lived in tenements until they stated The First
In further understanding the differences between the trends in rental v. owner-occupied housing, we can apply economic theory. First and foremost, is supply and demand theory. This is the most basic of economic principles. It explains how prices are set, how and when the market is at equilibrium, and human behavior in the context of a free market economy. (The Law of Supply and Demand, n.d.) The greater the demand for a good, the higher its price. This is what we saw with the build-up of the housing bubble.
As someone with a passion for writing, my final project will be an extended expository essay about the history of homebuilding from ancient to modern times. It will discuss the different types of dwellings throughout recorded human history from the perspective of how art and culture influences building design. This will fulfill my own curiosity to understand the different influences on homebuilding and design over the years and how people have dealt with these changes.
But these contrived differences give rise to esthetic difficulties too. Because inherent differences—those that come from genuinely differing uses—are lacking among the buildings and their settings, the contrivances repre...
Although we are living in the time of rapid technological advancement and development, there are still much we can learn from the traditional knowledge of vernacular construction. This paper focuses on the given theme “Scientific Vernacular Architecture”. It is aimed to explore the limits and possibilities of vernacular construction and contemporary material. Vernacular architecture and lifestyles defined by such architecture make effective use of passive design adapted to local climate and other conditions in cold and hot, arid and humid regions provides valuable hints for environmental design that offers great possibilities for improving architectural sustainability. Vernacular architecture deserves our attention as it is the origin of all the reaction. Today, people redesign and reinvented the know-how and material of vernacular architecture, apply it into the contemporary design but neglected where and when does these actually come
of their buildings. One of the basic questions that this paper will be seeking to answer is whether architects and critics accepted ...
The aim of this essay is to show that between Ancient Times and Modern Times the form of housing, as in a structure providing shelter, has not changed but the design and features aspect of housing has been changed by technology. The examples of Athens from 500BCE – 400BCE, Paris from 1850-1900 and Chicago from 1900-1930 have been chosen and a time period allocated to each geographical area which will give clarity to the argument and supporting evidence as there are a number of important technologies to be considered which impacted on the social, political and economic environments. In Athens I will pay particular attention to the study of houses within the polis, in Paris attention to tenement housing and in Chicago I will be looking at pre-fabricated houses. Using sources predominately from course...
The adoption of Honesty in designs: The architectural honesty extends to the size of the home. More buyers are choosing something little smaller and medium-sized houses with this bloat of large-scale h...
Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier are two very prominent names in the field of architecture. Both architects had different ideas concerning the relationship between humans and the environment. Their architectural styles were a reflection of how each could facilitate the person and the physical environment. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House, is considered one of the most important buildings in the history of American architecture and Le Corbusier s Villa Savoye helped define the progression that modern architecture was to take in the 20th Century. Both men are very fascinating and have strongly influenced my personal taste for modern architecture. Although Wright and Corbusier each had different views on how to design a house, they also had similar beliefs. This paper is a comparison of Frank Lloyd Wright‘s and Le Corbusier ‘s viewpoints exhibited through their two prominent houses, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House and Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye.
Hopkins, Graeme and Christine Goodwin. Living Architecture: Green Roofs and Walls. Collingwood, CSIRO Publishing. 2011,Print.
This usually entails the manipulation of texture, proportion and the setting pleasant utilization of sunshine with the intention to realize symmetry, harmony and an accurate equilibrium in complete human life. The essential ideas of good design are pure and to an enormous extent innate. When analyzing the universal properties of sunshine, house, colour and supplies, the inside designer appears to be like at the interplay of the natural legal tips that govern them. The precise design of a room works not only on the customarily ignored senses of odor and listening to but additionally on the emotions. Coloration schemes are selected to copy the mood of a room. Understanding how every side of a design contributes to a common look and feel of a room or area constantly takes precise experience and each architects and designers manipulate these to good
However, architecture is not just the future, after all, buildings are intended to be viewed, traversed and lived by us, people. Despite this, many architects today rarely think deeply about human nature, disregarding their main subject matter in favour for efficiency and an architecture of spectacle. In this there seems to be a misconception that underlies much of architecture, that is, human’s relationship with the city, the building and nature. In much of today’s architecture, people are treated with as much concern much as we treat cars, purely mechanically. The post-modern search for the ‘new’ and ‘novel’ has come to disregard the profound affect design has on our lives, impacting our senses, shaping our psyche and disposition.
“Home is where love resides, memories are created, friends always belong, and laughter never ends (Robot check).” A place becomes a home for me when I am around all the things that I enjoy and love. For example, when I am around everyone that I love, I enjoy a peaceful environment and the beautiful landscapes around me. The interpretation of home for me is not a physical thing that I see or that I can remember or even certain thoughts that I can relate, but it is a sensation that overcomes me when I envision being in the comfort of my own home. However, I know that this is a feeling that is calming to my soul and it quietly reassures me that I genuinely belong in a place where I can be free from people constantly judging me.
what the house will need to be habitable and reference surrounding buildings for notes. For