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History's influence on the present
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Title
Discuss the roles of Language and Reason in History
Most of the knowledge that we possess today is a result of the learning and findings that have already occurred- in our past. And we still continue to learn everyday. The past - our History - covers the entirety of time. But the significance of History is such that the events that previously took place have led to this day and provided us with a better understanding of where we stand in the world today from where we were when the first group of Homo Erectus spread out from a village in Africa (Chandra 5). What we know of our past today has been handed down through some evidence; either spoken word or in written form. This is where the question arises, to what extent we can rely upon the evidence that we have that tells us of our history. And even if we get beyond this evidence, how is it that the two ways of knowing: language and reason have shaped our history? History in itself is a vast area of knowledge. I believe it covers the other areas of knowledge, such as, mathematics, science, ethics and arts since all of them have a past in their making. Therefore in this essay, I am going to discuss the roles that language and reason play in the history that we know today and how other ways of knowing such as sense perception and emotion may influence language and reason that led to the formation of this history. Language, in the case of human beings is a tool for communication and verbal expression. Language can be said to have formed most of our History because we’ve been told what has happened and ‘telling’ happens through language. As Wendy Doniger on the History of the Hindus, the prominent religion of my country puts it “The word for ‘history’ in Sanskrit, itihasa, co...
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...st, a question arises in my mind ‘How would it have been if things did not happen the way they did”. Through this essay, I have found a deeper meaning to this question and have had the opportunity to explore the vastness of it. Just like the vastness the History contains.
Works Cited
1. Chandra, Nayan. Bound Together. Noida: Penguin Viking, 2007. Print.
2. Doniger, Wendy. The Hindus. An Alternative History. Noida: Penguin Viking, 2009 Print.
3. Gaarder, Jostein. Sophie’s World. Great Britain: Orion, 1991. Print
4. Dombrowski, Eileen, Lena Rotenberg and Mimi Beck. Theory of Knowledge. Course Companion. Great Britain: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.
Internet Sources
1. Vento, Arnoldo Carlos. Aztec Myths and Cosmology. http://eaglefeather.org/series/Native%20American%20Series/Excerpt%20Aztec%20Myths%20and%20Cosmology.pdf Last visited: March
implacability of the natural world, the impartial perfection ofscience, the heartbreak of history. The narrative is permeated with insights about language itself, its power to distort and destroy meaning, and to restore it again to those with stalwart hearts.
Kitchener, R. F. (1986) Piaget's Theory of Knowledge. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Knowledge, its source and truthfulness have been under question for a long time. People have always wondered what exactly constitutes facts and if there are any defining laws that can be attributed to all knowledge or information available in the world. Many philosophers speculated on how information can be interpreted according to its falsity or truthfulness, but have not come to definite conclusions. Edmund Gettier has provided one of the key pieces in understanding and trying to figure out what knowledge really is.
The study of past events have been a common practice of mankind since the verbal telling of stories by our ancestors. William Cronon, in his article “Why the Past Matters,” asserts that the remembrance of the past “keeps us in place.” Our individual memories and experiences shape how we act in our daily lives. In addition to influencing us at an individual level, our collective history binds us together as a society. Without knowing where we have been or what we have experienced, it is nearly impossible to judge progress or know which courses of action to pursue. The goal of the historian is to analyze and explain past events, of which they rarely have firsthand memory of, and apply the gained knowledge to make connections with current and future events.
The quest for knowledge, a topic often contemplated in philosophy, remains persistent with mankind seeking to understand the uncertainty in the world surrounding him. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that raises questions and provides answers about what constitutes knowledge and justifies belief. The main concerns of knowledge in epistemology are how it is defined, what the source is, how it’s acquired, what its limitations are, and what kind of knowledge is necessary. Three very well known philosophers of their time offer their different ideas on the subject of knowledge and epistemology.
Jackson, J. P., Clements, P. T., Averill, J. B., & Zimbro, K. (2009). Patterns of knowing:
Lagemaat, Richard van de. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
I shall also expound Ayer's theory of knowledge, as related in his book. I will show this theory to contain logical errors, making his modified version of the principle flawed from a second angle.
Lagemaat, Richard Van De. Theory of knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
The philosopher, Linda Zagzebski, offers a virtue based definition of knowledge. She arrives at this definition by presenting numerous accounts of knowledge definitions that fail, explore why they fail, then shows how her theory satisfies knowledge criteria.
History is a story told over time. It is a way of recreating the past so it can be studied in the present and re-interpreted for future generations. Since humans are the sole beneficiaries of history, it is important for us to know what the purpose of history is and how historians include their own perspective concerning historical events. The purpose and perspective of history is vital in order for individuals to realise how it would be almost impossible for us to live out our lives effectively if we had no knowledge of the past. Also, in order to gain a sound knowledge of the past, we have to understand the political, social and cultural aspects of the times we are studying.
van de Lagemaat, R. (2011) Theory of knowledge for the IB diploma, Cambridge University Press.
...rly refutes the tradition definition of knowledge. As earlier stated, many attempts have been made to repair or replace the definition of knowledge; hence the theories such as, the Casual Theory, to use as a solution to an ambiguous problem. However, there is still no positive and certain solution to the Gettier problem as effective as his challenge may be in order to define knowledge.
Lagemaat, Richard Van De. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print.
Language is the basis of human communication. It is a cultural and social interaction, and the way language is used is influenced by the circumstances in which it takes place (Emmitt, 2010, p. 49; Green, 2006, p. 2). Children become aware that there are different types of language, including languages used at home, at childcare and at school, as they observe and participate in various language situations (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, p. 39). Some of these languages may be unfamiliar, and children will need to learn the different roles and uses of language. The different roles of language in a child’s life are, therefore, part of their growing understanding of how to behave in society and in a particular context. As they experience different types and uses of language, children develop an understanding of how to use language appropriately for any given situation.