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irritable bowel syndrome essay
irritable bowel syndrome research papers
irritable bowel syndrome research papers
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Digestive:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
This disease affects the muscles in the intestines. It can cause gas, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation. It usually does not lead to further diseases. Most people can control the symptoms through diet, stress management and medication.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It can lead to severe bowel problems, abdominal pain and malnutrition. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can also be painful and debilitating. Medication can eliminate symptoms, in addition to prevent flare-ups. Surgery may be needed in some cases to repair the colon.
Diverticulitis
The disease occurs when pouches in the large intestine become infected and inflamed, Symptoms may include but not limited to severe abdominal pain often in the lower left side of the abdomen, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and fever.
Circulatory:
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis occurs when blood clots form in one of the deep veins in the thigh or calf. Many people with the condition do not have symptoms, but they may have leg pain, swelling or skin discoloration. It can be life threatening because it can cause a pulmonary embolism
PolyarteritisNodosa
Ployarteritisnodosa is an inflammatory disease of the small to medium sized arteries. Many systems including the skin, central nervous system, heart, kidneys and intestinal tract. It is commonly associated with hepatitis B but the cause is usually unknown.. Symptoms vary however, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and muscle and joint aches are normal. Treatment depends on how serious the case is.
Arteriovenous Malformations
Arteriovenous malformations are abnormal tangles of blood vessels w...
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...e the most common group of congenital defects. defects of the bloods vessels leading into and out of the heart. Hypoplastic left heart, where the left side of the heart and bloods don't develop properly, is an example of a common cardiac abnormality
Clubfoot
Clubfoot occurs in 1 in 1,000 births, Boys are born with the disorder twice as often as girls. Clubfoot is abnormalities in the bones, muscles and ligaments of the foot. It makes the feet point downward and makes it difficult to work., Treatment include casting of the foot.
Neural Tube Defects
Neural tube defects occur in every 2,000 births. Two common forms of neural tube defects are spina bifida, in which the spinal cord isn't completely enclosed, and anencephaly where part of the brain is absent Spina bifida may be mild or severe. Treatment include excersise and physhichal therapy or corrective surgery.
Hypothesis about signs and symptoms: Symptoms: cramping, diarrhea, and dehydration. These symptoms were thought to be due to the disease withdrawing fluid from the blood and irritating the stomach and
J.P., a 58 year old female, presents to the Emergency Room on March 18th. She has a past medical history of cervical cancer, atheroembolism of the left lower extremity, fistula of the vagina, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, glaucoma, GERD, depression, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and sickle cell anemia. She complains of right lower extremity pain accompanied by fatigue, a decreased appetite, increased work of breathing, burning on urination, and decreased urine output for three days.
“Crohn’s disease appears to be caused by a dysfunctional inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract” (U. S. News, 2009). Inflammation is the body’s natural way to heal by sending immune cells to the site of the injury or invader. Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009).
Clostridium difficile infection often causes a disease known as pseudomembranous colitis. It is an inflammation of the intestine caused by Toxin A and B. Cell death and fluid accumulation stimulate the release of histamine and this causes inflammation. It is characterized by foul smelling diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Complications that may arise include dehydration due to loss of water and electrolytes caused by excessive diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and in extreme cases death.2
The symptoms of Celiac Disease are usually very clear but there are those that have no symptoms as all which is particularly dangerous due to damage being done to the intestines which no inclination that there is a problem. Painful bloating is a...
Description/Clinical Presentation: a 24 year-old male was referred to a hospital for specialized management of consistent symptoms such as: intermittent epigastric and lower abdominal pain that had started around 7 months earlier. Around that period the patient lost 11 pounds. One month before being admitted to this current hospital, the patient was visiting a primary outpatient clinic several times and he was given medication to control the persistent symptoms, but the symptoms after medication were not corrected. The patient was later admitted to a primary hospital for only one week. Gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, abdominal sonography, and laboratory examination was performed to determine the cause of the symptoms the patient was experiencing. Results of the examinations showed that the patient was diagnosed with Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Laboratory tests showed peripheral blood, blood biochemistry, and serum electrolytes all within the normal ranges. Urine and stool occult blood test were also conducted and showed no abnormal findings. and was given medication. But due to again the symptoms not improving, the patient was referred to the current hospital to
The diarrhea of irritable bowel syndrome is usually of small volume, but frequent. Episodes commonly occur during periods of stress. The initial morning movement may be normal, but followed by successively loose bowel movements throughout the rest of the day. Bowel movements may be associated with extreme urgency. The diarrhea rarely awakens patients from sleep and there is usually no associated fever or rectal bleeding.
Crohn’s Disease is usually in the small intestine but can affect the whole GI. A flare up is when the bacteria in the intestines are mistaken for invaders the body launches an immune attack. They are believed to be linked to stress and dietary intake. The signs and symptoms that is express with the subjective information is leading towards a flare up. (Crohn’ & Colitis 2015)
Crohn’s disease – is the chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. In 1932, gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn described the granulomatous inflammation of the ileum, which was called terminal ileitis. Later on, it was discovered that terminal ileitis is only one of the forms of the Crohn’s disease. The nature of the Crohn’s disease is still unclear. It is an autoimmune disease: the body suddenly begins to produce antibodies to its own cells. According to Lashner, “The annual incidence of Crohn’s disease ranges from 1 to 10 cases per 100,000 people annually depending on
Left-sided Colitis: Inflammation is in the rectum, sigmoid colon, and descending colon. Also termed limited or distal colitis. Symptoms include: left sided abdominal pain, weight loss and diarrhea.
The most common symptoms are diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Patient may also experience rectal bleeding fever, nausea, fatigue and weight loss due to loss of appetite. Patient may also suffer from nutritional deficiencies. The attack begins with urgency to defecate, mild lower abdominal cramps, mucus in stools. The attacks could be short breaks or long breaks.
Food is the most common trigger, be it a food allergy or a food intolerance. “A wide range of foods has been implicated — chocolate, spices, fats, fruits, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, milk, carbonated beverages and alcohol to name a few.” Stress can also be a factor. When an individuals is under a high amount of stress their sympathetic nervous system may result in not fully absorbing foods once they have been digested. Majority of IBS is seen in females, indicating that hormonal changes may effect food digestion. Lastly any bacteria in the intestines will certainly trigger Irritable Bowel Syndrome. While majority of individuals have experienced some form of acute gastrointestinal problems those who truly have IBS are typically under
Some people suffer from regular constipation (obstinate constipation). If constipation persists for longer period, it can lead to various discomforts like headache, tympanites (abdominal distension), loss of appetite, pain in the abdomen, lethargy and above all hemorrhoids (piles).
Although both Chron’s and UC have similar symptoms they are two distinctly different diseases. Chron’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the rectum. The tissues affected become inflamed and subsequently causes the intestinal wall to thicken and create scar tissue. This in turn causes faecal matter to move through the GI tract slowly, causing pain and in severe cases induce vomiting. The inflammation of the GI tract induces the production of excess water and salt, but because the lining is inflamed and swollen it is unable to absorb the excess liquid which leads to diarrhoea. Ulcers can develop in the lining and in some cases become much larger and eventually penetrate through the walls of the intestine. Bleeding occurs when the GI tract is swollen and ulcerated and the passage of food through the tract irritates and causes the tissue to haemorrhage.
To date, a total of 60 cases have been notified to the FDA. All the cases, including 5 who needed outpatient treatment, have since recovered. None of the affected cases required hospitalization. These cases had onset of illness between 1st and 3rd June 2015. The main symptoms experienced by cases were abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. No new cases were reported as of 4 June 2015.