Children development refers to the changes in physiology, mentality, and emotions in children from birth (or during pregnancy) to adolescence. Children are dependent on family’s support during this time period. It is not until the beginning of adolescence that children start to develop autonomy which is the process of forming their own identity and making their own decisions. Parents have a big impact on children’s physical and mental development during this time period. They are the most available resource. They provide necessary material resources for children’s survival such as food, water, and housing. They account for most of their children’s socializations especially from birth to adolescence. They influence children’s mental development by passing down religious preferences, beliefs, and social status. They also can create special environments to foster children’s talents such as piano lessons, sport practices, academic challenges, etc. For instance, children from poor family have less access to cognitively stimulating environments which is shown in the data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the National Household Education Survey (Corwyn & Bradley, 2000). This means children from poor family will develop cognitively at a slower rate than children from normal or rich family where they are provided with many stimulating opportunities. Besides all the good impact parents have on their children, depending on the the parenting style, parents may establish behavioral problems such as internalizing problems (anxiety, depression) and externalizing problems (aggression and antisocial behavior) in their children. There are a lot of empirical supports from longitudinal studies which shows that there is a connection b...
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Children and youth who are at-risk for behavioral problems can have a negative impact on how well the family functions. African American youth who live in poverty are thought to be at-risk for several behavioral problems such as dropping out of school, conduct problems, fighting, criminal involvement, and substance abuse (Nebbitt et al, 2014, Wilson, Foster, Anderson, & Mance, 2009). They are often exposed to violence in their neighborhoods and families, and many of the schools that they attend have fewer resources, all of which help to increase the likelihood of acting out or behavior problems. Parents and families who live in poverty often do not have the education, knowledge or access to intervention or treatment that
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...d do not get to see their parents until bedtime. In other cases, the child is left at home to look after and care for their younger siblings. As a result, they neglect school and their own childhood. The amount of hatred and distrust that must build up in that child is immeasurable. It is apparent that the “home-alone America” trend will create a breading ground for conduct disorder. Moreover, society is heading towards creating a generation who “may have little empathy and little concern for the feelings, wishes and well-being of others” (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A child’s attachment to, respect for, and healthy fear of their parents is essential to the child’s’ mental health throughout development. It is time that we take responsibility for our own children and ourselves because if we don’t, what will these children teach the next generation?
In the past, there have been many studies done on the effects of parental incarceration on child wellbeing. However, there has been much less study of the effects of maternal incarceration. Recent studies done on the wellbeing of children with incarcerated mothers have produced varying and conflicting results. Inconsistent results make it very difficult to generalize findings and to carry out effective interventions.
Correspondingly, these poor urban neighborhoods can lead to less effective parenting due to the stress and struggles they are facing, which may cause adolescents to develop delinquent behaviors. Due to the high crime rates in such neighborhood, adolescents are more likely to be exposed to deviant peer groups and gang behaviors, and these may result in a stronger deviant peer effect on the adolescents. (Deutsch, 2012)
Young boys and girls around the age thirteen through nineteen find themselves facing different developmental stages because they are at their adolescent stage. In this stage, they tend to engage themselves in activities that the majority of their friends engage in, even if those activities might land them in trouble. In this case, the case to be analyzed is on a 13-year-old boy whose friends are Mall Rats. The group engages themselves in antisocial behavior such as being rude to their elders, swearing, smoking and vandalizing properties in the stores. The biggest question is why would a young boy engage in such activities and feel comfortable? The answer to this can be answered using the developmental theory as established by Erik Erikson. His experience in the past could affect and induce his behavior and emotions. The chances are the boy is not happy with his childhood, which makes it more difficult to mature and become an adult. All in all, the past shapes our future.
The universality versus cultural specificity debate both have aspects that make sense and can be applied to childhood development. On one side, supporters of the argument for the universality of parenting suggest that certain types of parenting styles will produce the same child development outcomes in different cultures. On the other hand, the argument for cultural specificity states that different parenting practices vary from culture to culture, and that culture ultimately determines the outcomes of child development. Each culture has specific styles of parenting that instill values on children particular to that culture. Each individual has characteristics of what their parents taught them, which gives every individual their own personality. Both sides present logical information on the cultural impacts of parenting on child development outcomes.
According the Rogers (2013), there are causal factors at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels that can lead youth to engage in delinquent activity. At the micro level, the factors that predict delinquency involve: being male, low educational achievement, low impulse control, childhood aggression, antisocial behavior, and hyperactivity. At the mezzo level, family conflict, lack of family support and appropriate discipline, and negative peer pressure can be risk factors for juvenile. On a macro level, youth that live in poverty or in high-crime urban neighborhoods, and are exposed to violence at home and in their neighborhoods, have a higher risk of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Many poor urban communities often lack adequate schools, which can lead to poor academic performance and students disconnecting from
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).