Statement of the Problem
Diabetes mellitus was once considered disease, which had a minor impact on world health. However, it has now taken its place as a serious threat to human health here in the 21st century. This epidemic has occurred due to both human behavior and lifestyle changes over the past century. Obesity, poor or sedentary life style, high intake of diet that consists of carbohydrate and fat, daily consumption of alcohol are the major contributing factor for a high rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was an estimated 150 to 220 million who had diabetes worldwide in 2010. This figure will increases to 300 million by 2025 (Zimmet, Alberti, & Shaw, 2001, pp. 782-784).
As of February 2014, statistical data shows there were approximately 25.8 million patients in the United States who were diabetic(Egan, Blind, Dunder, de Graeff, Hummer, Bourcier, & Rosebraugh, 2014, p.). But the data did not include those who remained undiagnosed or treated (Egan, Blind, Dunder, de Graeff, Hummer, Bourcier, & Rosebraugh, 2014, p.). This trend poses a serious threat to human by exposing to different health related problems, including kidney failure, vision problems, and long-term effect of heart, nerves and blood vessels disorders, which may ultimately a contributing factor for a high rate of morbidity and mortality. (American Diabetes Association, 2013)
Objectives
1. Individuals will attend a one-day course aimed at empowering them through education and gaining access to health information to properly identify diabetes risk factors and practice diabetes prevention and intervention. Such prevention may include modifying behavior and lifestyle, which will result in positive health outcomes, which will minimize the probability ...
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...abetes mellitus: new drugs for a new epidemic. British journal of anaesthesia, 107(1), 65-73.
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Sumamo Schellenberg, E., Dryden, D. M., Vandermeer, B., Ha, C., & Korownyk, C. (2013). Lifestyle Interventions for Patients With and at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(8).
Werner, E. F., Pettker, C. M., Zuckerwise, L., Reel, M., Funai, E. F., Henderson, J., & Thung, S. F. (2012). Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: does the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups cost-effective propose the criteria?Diabetes care, 35(3), 529-535.
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Shaw, J. (2001). Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature, 414(6865), 782-787.
The prevalence of diabetes according to the CDC is 26 million Americans currently diagnosed with diabetes, 79 million with pre-diabetes, and 7 million unaware they have diabetes.1 Diabetes is currently more prevalent in the western countries due to physical inactivity and obesity, but as more Eastern countries develop the western lifestyle it becomes an increasing worldwide epidemic.1 The risk for developing type 2 diabetes increases with age (especially after age 40), but is increasing most rapidly in the adolescent and young generation.1 It is therefore critical that education as well as drug therapies are implemented to decrease the rising prevalence of this illness.
Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. It is projected that the number of individuals with diabetes will almost double by 2030.
Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy. Diabetes falls into two main categories: type 1, or juvenile diabetes, which usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, and type 2, or adult-onset diabetes, the most common form of the disease, usually occurring after age 40. Type 1 results from the body’s immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The onset of juvenile diabetes is much higher in the winter than in the summer. This association has been repeatedly confirmed in diabetes research. Type 2 is characterized by “insulin resistance,” or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. There is also sometimes a third type of diabetes considered. It is gestational diabetes, which occurs when the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes encompasses nine out of 10 diabetic cases. Diabetes is the fifth-deadliest disease in the United States, and it has no cure. The total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2002 was estimated to be $132 billion, or one out of every 10 health care dollars spent in the United States. Diabetes risk factors can fall into three major categories: family history, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Minority groups and elderly are at the greatest risk of developing diabetes.
“In 2012 diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths. More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle- income countries” (WHO, 2014). Factors that affect death caused by diabetes are lack of access to proper care and medications such as insulin and blood pressure pills which increases the chances of patients acquiring diabetes (Lipska, 2014). The Diabetes International Federation predicts an increase of 205 million more by the year 2035. They also stated that 1 out of 2 people worldwide does not even know they have the disease
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is “a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes”.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 diabetes can include but are not limited to; eye problems (cataracts and glaucoma), foot problems (neuropathy/ nerve damage), skin problems (infections), high blood pressure (which raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease), hearing loss, oral health, mental health and early death.3
Diabetes and uncontrolled sugar levels is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the number one cause of adult onset blindness, lower limb amputations and kidney failure (healthy people citation). Additionally, those diagnosed diabetes have an amplified risk of having a heart attack and an overall increased mortality rate, both of which are proportional to 1.8 times greater than those not afflicted with diabetes (Healthy people). Obviously, without proper glycemic control, these number can be a much higher ratio; consequently, it is imperative proper health promotion measures are
According to the CDC, diabetes is becoming more common and has more than tripled from 1980 through 2011, from 5.6 million to 20.9 million (Diabetes public health resource, 2013). Type two diabetes can be managed through diet and exercise. Type two diabetes is a condition formerly called ‘adult-onset’ or ‘non insulin-dependent’ where the body doesn’t
The figure also shows that one in every eleven adults suffers from diabetes under the Sun. The facts and figures researched in this report clearly shows that diabetes has become one of the most common diseases, and we need more doctors and scholars who can make continuous and serious efforts to come up with a better medicine or treatment for diabetes.
Since Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, I am going to further incorporate the topic in my paper. Through academic research and resources, in my first paragraph I will be providing the health promotion definition along with expressing the importance for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. My second paragraph will display the pathophysiology to help comprehend how this health challenge is present in the body. Health promotion interventions will also be incorporated with ideas and specific information to aid individuals in promoting health and preventing development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Magliano, DJ, Shaw, JE, Shortreed, SM, Nusselder, WJ, Liew, D, Barr, EL, Zimmet, PZ & Peeters, A 2008, ‘Lifetime risk and projected population prevalence of diabetes’, Diabetologia, vol.51, pp.2179-2186, viewed 15th May 2011.
Diabetes affects 18.2 million people in the United States. It is often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus and described as, “… a metabolic disease in which the person has high blood sugar …” (Collazo- Clavell et all. 2009), either because the insulin is inadequate or the body’s cells don’t respond well to the insulin. The health and economic consequences of diabetes are considerable. The majority of people that have diabetes live in low and middle income countries, where the prevalence of the disease is high. There are three types of diabetes that are called type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can lead to other diseases such as heart attack, kidney failure or death. A person that has diabetes has to maintain a healthy lifestyle, by eating the right diet, controlling their blood sugar level, and be optimistic.
Imagine not being able to have a snack or candy whenever you want to in a day. Many people have to watch what they eat, especially diabetics because of lack of insulin in their bodies. They have to watch their sugar intake daily and also keep up with insulin shots. Diabetes is a life long disease which isn’t easy to have without new technological advancements. The rapid growth of technology has made health care more successful, specifically in the advancements for the cure and treatments of diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)
Zimmet, P., K.G. Alberti, and J. Shaw.2001. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 414 (December 13): 782-86
In conclusion, diabetes is a serious disease and can be life threatening. With the right research and implementation of new studies diabetes can be reduced among the populations. We as a people need to realize this epidemic and all get together and beat it. Restaurants need to stop putting chemicals and unnecessary fats in their food. Not only diabetics but everyone should educate themselves on what is going in your body when you eat. Also, exercising and getting off the couch, in children, needs to be addressed and that alone would help reduce diabetes in the younger population. I can’t stress enough on education. If you know what you are eating or how you are exercising you protect yourself from poor health and live a great life. Type 2 diabetes can be dwindled down with a conscious individual and group effort.