Introduction
In the 20th century, the tobacco epidemic worldwide killed 100 million people. In the 21st century, the tobacco epidemic could kill 1 billion. In one in ten adults worldwide, about 5 million deaths per year, the cause of death is smoking, and if the present smoking pattern persists, the proportion will be one in six by the year 2030, about 10 million deaths per year (World bank, 1999). Among the people alive today, it shows that about 500 million will eventually be killed by tobacco (Peto & et al, 1994).
Smoking is an extraordinarily significant cause of untimely death and disability since the 1950’s, and more than 70,000 articles are able to support it. For several decades where cigarette smoking has been common in populations, lung cancer cases are about 90%, other cases of cancers are approximately about 15-20%, moreover, cases for emphysema and chronic bronchitis are about 75% and deaths from cardiovascular diseases are about 25% in which those 35-69 years of age are because of tobacco. Research shows have shown that half of the long term smokers will die linked to tobacco related disease and of these, wont make it before the age of 65 (World bank, 1999).
The 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey estimates that adult smoking prevalence in the Philippines is 28.3%, which is equivalent to 17.3 million Filipinos aged 15 years old and over who are cigarette smokers. 47.7% (14.6 million) and 9.0% (2.8 million) of the 15 years old and over population are male and female smokers, respectively. The 2007 Global Youth Tobacco Survey also estimates that about 17% or 4 million Philippine youths aged 13-15 years are also current smokers. (Department of Health, 2010) It is predicted that tobacco will kill over 175 million world...
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...ess to the earmarked proceeds of RA 9334 revenues for tobacco control and NCD-related initiatives. Since the earmarking is only up to 2011, the health sector should explore mechanisms to sustain funding, e.g. creation of Health Promotion Foundation under the auspices of the DOH, either as a separate office or as an attached agency.
Conclusion
Apparent “poor” enforcement by local government units of the national tobacco laws and of the FCTC in the Philippines despite significant gains in 2003 GYTS results. There were also lack of political will, coupled with lack of monitoring and reporting guidelines for offenders of the laws, in spite of strong national government and NGO’s efforts to advocate full implementation of tobacco control laws. Need to sustain surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of national and local tobacco control programs in the country.
An estimated $44 billion is spent annually on tobacco in the United States. It has become such a big issue that the low income New Yorkers are spending nearly a quarter of their annual salary to feed their tobacco addiction. In addition, the aforementioned $44 billion do not include the health costs that tobacco inflicts upon its users. When compared to the $30 billion spent annually to solve world hunger, the American tobacco addiction exceeds the annual required cost by a whooping $14 billion. According to the study conducted by the WFP (World Food Programme), $3.2 billion would be needed per year to reach all the needs of 66 million hungry school-age children. All in all, people spend more on the tobacco industry when the funds could be used to solve a major world
Every year cigarette smoking is responsible for 500,000 premature deaths (Nugel), you do not want to be just another statistic, do you? America’s first cash crop was tobacco. That means that tobacco has been around for a really long time. It was not until 1865, though, that cigarettes were sold commercially. They were sold to soldiers at the end of the Civil War (Dowshen). From then, cigarettes spread like wildfire, and it was not until 1964 that anyone made a stand about the negative effects of tobacco and cigarettes. People start smoking for all different reasons, some to fit in and some to “escape”. Regardless, it is a horrible habit. 3900 children will try their first cigarette today. Amongst adults who currently smoke, 68% of them began at age 18 or younger, and 85% at 21 or younger (American Lung Association). And of all those people, 70% say if they were given another chance they would never have picked up that first cigarette (Tobacco Free Maine). Smoking is responsible for 1 and 5 deaths in the united states, and is the number one preventable cause of death (NLH). Smoking burns and there is no doubt about that, but before one picks up that cigarette, understand the negative effects on not only oneself, but others affected by ones poor choices, like second-hand smoke. Because of smoking cigarettes, many types of cancer, decrease of life quality, and negative health effects have become all too common in the world today.
Tobacco kills up to half of its users, and about 12 million people smoke it. That totals the death of 6 million people each year due to tobacco. “More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while more than 600 000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke”. In short, if everyone that is currently stopped smoking, only tobacco, not only would 5 million lives be saved, but another 600 000 people would also not have to die because of the poor choices other people decide to make. About 570,000 people die annually due to drug use. That breaks down to about 440,000 from disease related to tobacco, 85,000 due to alcohol, 20,000 due to illicit drugs, and 20,000 due to prescription drug abuse. “Nearly 80% of the world's 1 billion smokers live in low-and middle-income countries.” As the world health organization has stated, most people that smoke habit around the low-income countries. This shows that people that smoke live around a poor facility.
Smoking cigarettes is a detrimental practice not only to the smoker, but also to everyone around the smoker. According to an article from the American Lung Association, “Health Effects” (n.d.), “Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing over 438,000 deaths per year”. The umbrella term for tobacco use includes the use of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigs and chewing tobacco. While tobacco causes adverse health consequences, it also has been a unifying factor for change in public health. While the tobacco industries targets specific populations, public health specifically targets smokers, possible smokers, and the public to influence cessation, policies and education.
The use of tobacco is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States, accounting for more than 443,000 deaths each year. More than 16 million Americans suffer from a disease caused by smoking. On average, smokers die ten years earlier than non-smokers. About 18.1% of all adults (42.1 million Americans) are currently users of tobacco. The number of people addicted to products such as tobacco is too high, and can be lowered.
It is shocking to report, that after 50 years of awareness of the dangers of smoking and use of other tobacco products, tobacco industries are still on the incline. Cigarettes and the diseases they cause, are still commonplace in our communities, nation, and the world.
Since the 1950s, more than 70,000 scientific articles have left no doubt that smoking is an extraordinarily important cause of premature mortality and disability around the world. In populations where cigarette smoking has been common for several decades, about 90% of cases of lung cancer, 15–20% of cases of other cancers, 75% of cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and 25% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in those 35–69 years of age are attributable to tobacco. Studies have shown that half of all long-term smokers will die of a tobacco-related disease and, of these, half will die before the age of 65 (World bank, 1999).
Tobacco addiction contributes to approximately 438,000 deaths in the United States each year2, with smoking cigarettes constituting one of the most common preventable causes of death, on report asserts3. Tobacco use kills five million people a year worldwide, another source stresses4. Quitting smoking, or at least reduction, for instance, could greatly reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.1,5 These diseases that can be prevented or reduced include heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, coronary artery spasm, and cardiac arrhythmia.1
Kaur, J., & Jain, DC. (2011). Tobacco control policies in India: Implementation and challenges. Indian Journal of Public Health, 55(3), 220-227. doi:10.4103/0019-557X.89941
Tobacco still kills six million people around the world every year. Despite huge public health efforts to help people quit and prevent young people starting, smoking remains the single greatest cause of ill health and premature death.
Tobacco use causes a number of diseases. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, and causes lung diseases. Tobacco can lead to someone losing limbs and...
Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today (Encarta, 2002). Until the 1940?s, smoking was considered harmless. It was at this time that epidemiologists noticed a dramatic increase in the cases of lung cancer. A study was then conducted between smokers and nonsmokers to determine if cigarettes were the cause of this increase. This study, conducted by the American Cancer Society, found increased mortality among smokers. Yet it was not until 1964 that the Surgeon General put out a report acknowledging the danger of cigarettes. The first action to curb smoking was the mandate of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission (Encarta, 2002). In 1971, all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces (Encarta, 2002). Now in some cities smoking is being completely banned from public places and workplaces and various people are striving for more of these laws against smoking.
According to (Mackay, 2002), rapid increase in tobacco consumption and its spread around the world represent a great concern to public health both globally and at the national level. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world and the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide; it kills 4.9 million persons per year therefore it weighs heavily on the health care system of countries. Tobacco undermines the wellbeing of populations. The cost of treating tobacco-related illness is very high, not only in the governments but also to individuals and their families. In addition, the diseases and deaths that result from tobacco consumption impose great suffering and grief on the close family of the tobacco user, effects which are exacerbated by poverty.
Consumption of tobacco is a complex public health issue and social problems (Kelker et al, 2013). Smoking is the leading cause of a single largest preventable morbidity worldwide (WHO, Tobacco profile, 2011, Spanopoulos et al, 2013). Opening of our society has led to increase in adolescents' smoking, World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated over 1.2 billion are smokers in the world; and nearly six million deaths worldwide each year (WHO, 2011). In 2009 over 80,000 deaths occurred in England as a result of smoking (DOH, 2011). Statistics (Fig 1) shows 150, 000 children between ages 11-15 are regular smokers in England (ASH, 2012; Cancer Research, UK, 2011), 21% of girls a 19% of boys indicating actively smoker (NHS; 2012). However, If current trends persist, one billion people would be killed in the 21st century, 10 million estimated deaths per year will be attributable to its use by 2020 (WHO; 2008). New strategies have to be planned in order to tackle and reduce the consumption of tobacco in the adolescent. This assignment aims to synthesis and evaluate the current evidence on tobacco consumption amongst adolescence in both gender aged between 11-15 years old who are living in Birmingham- West Midlands (UK) . Current polices and strategies which are already in use would be critically appraised, various health behaviors will also be analyzed.
One person dies every six seconds due to a tobacco related disease, which results in a shocking amount of ten deaths per minute. Tobacco is one of the most heavily used addictive products in the United States. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals; approximately 250 are dangerously harmful to humans. Smoking is a major public health problem. All smokers face an increased risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular problems and many other disorders. Smoking should be banned due to the many health risks to the user, second hand related smoke illness, and excessive cost.