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What is the relationship between man and woman
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David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly
The relationship between a man and a woman has been a constant struggle of inferiority since the beginning of time. The role of a woman has evolved from being someone not allowed to have an opinion, to the owner of a multi-million dollar company. Over the years women have developed the passion and skills in order to fight for what they believe in. However, in some countries women are still placed at the bottom of the societal list, and their constant battle of how their culture looks and feels about women in modern day society is hard to win. David Henry Hwang describes the hardships of a woman in Chinese society in his drama M. Butterfly.
M. Butterfly's theme of sexuality, culture, and ethnicity has made it one of the most controversial plays of all time. The relationship that Gallimard and Song form causes a division of how a relationship between a man and a woman is viewed. Since Gallimard does not know that Song is actually a spy, it becomes increasingly harder for someone to understand how a husband could not know that his wife was a man after twenty years of marriage. It becomes apparent that Gallimard's love for Song is extremely strong and unconditional, and even after the trial proves that Song is a man Gallimard seems to still be somewhat in love with Song.
The Chinese culture believes that a woman who does not speak, think, act, or feel
is the perfect woman. In the United States views of women have begun to change as their positions in the world are steadily being fought for. However, when M. Butterfly was written, things had not begun to change for woman in communist China, and the respect they deserved was non existent. In China a woman's purpose is to please he...
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...ous, as Song was in M. Butterfly, is often far more appealing to the opposite sex than one who is open. The Chinese culture is far more strict than many other countries in the world, and even though some of their customs and beliefs might be beneficial, many of the ones concerning women are very old and rigorous. If the practice of these traditions continue Chinese women will never be able to get out from underneath the constant dissention of their gender, and women like Song Liling will never be able to be viewed with the respect and equality that they deserve.
Works Cited
Hwang, David H. Afterward. M. Butterfly. New York: New American Library, 1988.
94-100.
Hwang, David H. M. Butterfly. Literature and the Writing Process. Leah Jewell. 6th ed. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X. Day, and Robert Funk. Upper Saddle
River: Prentice, 2002. 706-750.
Before her first words she is already considered a disappointment, “a girl child is Mo Yung- useless” (32). From the time she is born, her grandmother, “the old one” (choy), relentlessly tells her how the world will treat her as a girl. She explains to Jook-Liang, ‘“If you want a place in this world… ‘do not be born a girl child’”(31). She is cast aside before she is given a chance and is never given the same opportunities as her brothers. Instead she is forced to help take care of her little brother (insert quote). The excitement surrounding a baby is always extreme, and it doubles in Chinese culture when that baby is a boy. When her little brother is born, she is truly considered to be nothing in the family. “ I recalled how Sekky had received twice the number of jade and gold bracelets that I had got as a baby, and how everyone at the baby banquet toasted his arrival and how only the woman noticed me in my new dress, and then only for a few minutes to compare Poh Poh and step mother’s embroidery”(32). She is a ghost in her own family, and treated as nothing from the moment she is born. It is because of her gender that she is looked upon as a burden and never given the same opportunities as her brothers so that she may excel in life. Through the shadowed life of Jook Liang one can see how gender roles are enforced by cultural
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The way M butterfly shows gender can very clearly be seen as the play moves on. When song Liling and Comrade chin are discussing about how men play women parts Liling says” No, its because only a man knows how a woman is supposed to act”. A statement that says that the man knows a real women one that is submissive to him and that is what liling gave song take the time when Gillard and song were talking and liling says “ its one of you’re favorite fantasies isn’t it? The submissive oriental women and the cruel white man”. By this Liling is pointing out the gender difference’s between men and women during that time white women were considered more outgoing than Chinese women thus when galliard finds liling he thinks he has found a women of his fantasies a women h can have as a mistress but she will not tell his wife only be submissive to him. Rene Gillard fantasied of being a true man because they did not consider Chinese men, Real men or masculine during the scene when song and the judge are talking songs says “Her eyes say yes but her mouth says no, the west thinks of itself as masculine big guns big industry while the east is feminine weak d...
Chen, Jo-shui. "Empress Wu and Proto-feminist Sentiments in T'ang China." In Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China, edited by Frederick P. Brandauer and Chün-chieh Huang. 77-116. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
When one thinks about female traits or characteristics within the Asian culture you are likely to think of obedience and even docility. This can especially be true of Chinese women. Why is this? Where did this behavior and belief system originate? Many scholars and cultural behaviorists would argue that Ban Zhao and Confucius played a pivotal role in this behavioral construct. Confucian teachings are the foundation upon which much of Asian society and culture have been erected. Confucius’ teachings focused on the importance of family dynamics and the need for children to obey and serve their parental figures. Confucius also stressed the need to exercise restraint and to treat others as you would have them treat you. Ban Zhao was the
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According to Confucius, a Chinese teacher and philosopher of the period of Chinese history where he created a patriarchal society that woman had to obey their husbands and grown sons. Therefore, during the early times, people in China are generally gender stereotype. Women were discriminated because they were deemed as weak, submissive, passive and dependent on men which only capable of doing house chores and taking care of children comparing to the males who is seen as the core of the family because they were dominant, independent, assertive and usually the one who provides financial support to the family. Women do not have legal rights in making decisions and most of them were illiterate and only educated on self-discipline, etiquette, relationships with in-laws, household management, humility and chastity. Women being lesser than men were considered to be natural and proper. This in turn caused gender inequality and it is not unusual to see males dominate the business world in the early days as well. However, in the modern days now, China has become more of a communism where everyone, regardless of gender, receives equal shares of benefits derived from labour. This led to a rise of the general status of women and they were given more opportunities for education. This is due to the president of China, Mao Zedong who utters the memorable phrase “Women hold up half of the sky” which changed the perceptions towards women in China. According to the study produced by the Beijing arm of accounting firm, Grant Thornton, the proportion of women in senior management in China has climbed to 51% at the year of 2013, up from 25% in 2012 and outpacing the global average of 21%. In a survey of 200 businesses in China, 94% of them employed wo...
The issue of cultural stereotypes and misconceptions thematically runs throughout David Henry Hwang’s play M. Butterfly. The play is inspired by a 1986 newspaper story about a former French diplomat and a Chinese opera singer, who turns out to be a spy and a man. Hwang used the newspaper story and deconstructed it into Madame Butterfly to help breakdown the stereotypes that are present between the East and the West. Hwang’s play overall breaks down the sexist and racist clichés that the East-West have against each other that reaffirm the Western male culture ideas. The stereotypes presented in the play revolve around the two main characters, Gallimard and Song. The play itself begins in the present with Gallimard, a French diplomat who has been incarcerated in a Beijing prison. He relives his fantasies for the past with his perfect woman and shares his experience with the readers throughout the remainder of the play. Upon Gallimard’s arrival in China, he attends the opera and meets Song, and Gallimard immediately describes Song as his “butterfly”. Gallimard falls in love with the “delicate Oriental woman” that Song portrays (22). He then buys into the Western male stereotype that Eastern women need protection by strong, masculine Western men. Gallimard ends up falling in love with Song and has an affair with her to fulfill the stereotypical idea of a dominant Western male controlling an Eastern woman. Throughout Gallimard’s relationship with Song, the readers discover that Song is in reality a male spy for the Chinese government. Song had manipulated his looks and actions to mirror those of the ideal Chinese woman in order to earn Gallimard’s affection. M. Butterfly’s main issue arises from the cultural stereotypes of the masculin...
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The Disney movie, Mulan, is a fantastic movie that depicts gender-stereotyped roles, socialization of gender roles, and consequences of over stepping one’s gender role. Both males and females have a specific role in the Chinese society that one must follow. Mulan made a brave choice pretending to be a man and going to war against the Huns in place of her father, risking serious consequences if she were to get caught. She broke the socialization of gender roles and could have been faced with very serious consequences of her actions. The Chinese society in Mulan exemplifies the typical gender roles of males and females, the consequences of displaying the opposite gender role, and showed what the society expected in males and females in characteristics and attitudes.