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Cultural intelligence (CQ) is defined as an individual’s capability to adapt and function in situations that involves new cultural setting. CQ is regarded a useful tool as it can allow an individual to work in effectively multi-cultural settings. An individual can develop CQ competencies through personal experiences such as travelling/studying abroad, working in a firm that is established from a culture different from their own and also studying the many ways people of different cultures function.
CQ has been conceptualized as having these 4 components: metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioral dimensions (Earley & Ang, 2003). They each play a different role in allowing people to adapt efficiently in cultural different setting. Their roles are:
1) Metacognitive CQ refers to the mental process in which an individual would use when obtaining and understanding things in relation to cultures. Those with high metacognitive CQ are quick to challenge cultural norms and assumptions that are associated with certain cultures.
2) Cognitive CQ refers to the general knowledge of the individual on the other culture’s norms, practices and way of life. This could be acquired through education or personal experiences such as travelling or working abroad.
3) Motivational CQ refers to one’s direction of energy towards learning and functioning in situations where cultural differences and cross-cultural settings are most present and prevalent.
4) Behavioral CQ refers to an individual’s ability to use appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviors when presented in a cultural diverse setting. They are able to exhibit appropriate words, gestures, tones and actions that are deemed acceptable toward those cultures that they are faced with.
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Earley, P. C. & Ang, S. (2003), "Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures", Palo Alto, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Montgomery, J. (2011). Teaching Cultural Intelligence Could Provide Advantages in Job Market. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014 from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/25/cultural-intelligence-education_n_840660.html
Maznevski, M. (2008). How Cultural Intelligence can improve performance. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014 from http://www.imd.org/research/challenges/TC081-08.cfm
O’Reily, C. (2013) Why is Cultural Intelligence important. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014 from http://www.trainingzone.co.uk/topic/soft-skills/why-cultuiral-intelligence-important/181942
Stevenson, A & Lindberg C.A. (2010). New Oxford American Dictionary (3rd ed). Oxford : Oxford University Press
Cultural Competence is a substantiated body of knowledge based of cultural “values held by a particular cultural group and the ability to cohesively adapt to individualized skills that fit the cultural context, thus, increasing relationships between employees, managements, and stakeholders, including patience and research subjects. Cultural competency is critical to reducing disparities and improving access to high-quality services, respectful of and responsive to the needs of diverse working conditions and individualized characteristics. The main focus emphasizes the understanding of cultural competence provide internal resources with skills and perceptions to thoroughly comprehend ones cultural attitude, increase the ability to multicultural diversity, and the ability to effectively interact with other cultures (Shelley Taylor, 2006, pp. 382-383), which is absent within the case study of Joe and Jill. Essentially speaking, principles of cultural competence are acknowledgement to the importance of culture in people's lives, respect for cultural differences, an...
NBC network’s The Office is definitely a show that a lot of youth watch nowadays or well, used to at the least. Some people are amused by the show’s style of humour, however many are not so entertained. Personally, I find that the style of humour in this particular show is used to depict hegemonic relationships and stereotypes that exist in modern culture. Thus, for this specific reason, I will attempt to apply and analyze the theme of cultural hegemony to The Office.
In the minds of many, intelligence not only excels your experience in education, but is also the key to a successful career. In Outliers: The Story of Success, Malcolm Gladwell refutes this thought by expanding on the belief that intelligence can only take you so far, and that creativity and innovation tend to lead to just as much success. This thought process applies to many different levels of life including our interview and acceptance into the ACTION program.
With radical changes in business climate, globalisation and workforce diversity, the world has become more closely inter-weaved to another. At the same time, there is an awareness of the culture to comprehend our own cultural self, which is essential for the development of cultural intelligence. It is then only the beginning of establishing the insight towards to a variety cultures in contemporary society. This essay will examine my own cultural self by presenting the relationship between knowledge, experience and behaviour. To follow, we will define the term cultural self-awareness and cultural intelligence and then we will critically discuss how cultural self-awareness is associated with cultural intelligence and how knowledge, experience
Becoming aware of a culture supersedes the individual emotions you may experience in trying to understand how a group of people have become, through their own experience, different from the identity that you have attained from your own culture. “Cultural awareness is one being aware of their personal attitudes, beliefs, biases, and behaviors that may influence the type of care they are able to render in an environment.” (Mopraize)
The bioecological model of intelligence, introduced by Stephen Ceci, concentrates on the potential abilities, environmental influence and internal motivation. To perform well in an intelligent test a person must have the necessary abilities, be in a positive environment and be motivated (Comer et al.,
69). The four sub-dimensions of CQ knowledge are business, interpersonal, socio-linguistics, and leadership. Dissecting the business sub-dimension acknowledges the understanding an individual has of the different cultural environments existing in different parts of the world regarding the economic, legal, and educational systems (Livermore, 2011, p. 75). The interpersonal sub-dimension assists with further insight into the differences in morals, societal protocol, and religious viewpoints of different cultures (Livermore, 2011, p. 75). Furthermore, obtaining the ability to decipher the different dialects while knowing the meaning of expressions of verbal and nonverbal cues (Livermore, 2011, p. 75), describes the socio-linguistics sub-dimension. Understanding how the role of managers and their job duties differ cross culturally explains the leadership sub-dimension (Livermore, 2011, p.
According to Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Issacs (1989), “a culturally competent system would: value diversity; have the capacity for cultural self-assessment; be conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact; have institutionalized cultural knowledge; and have developed adaptations to diversity”.
Webster’s dictionary defines intelligence as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Many people, however, think that this definition is extremely narrow and does not encompass the various types of intelligence that a person can have. According to the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Intelligence, there are nine different forms of intelligence: spatial, intrapersonal, linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, existential, logical-mathematical, musical and naturalist (skyview.vansd.org). This paper will discuss how GPA and intelligence correlate, alternative forms of education that do not involve the standard GPA grading, and whether or not an individual’s GPA truly matters as an indicator of future
One of the strengths of this perspective is that it recognizes the relationship between cognitive development and the social, cultural, and historical context that an individual is a part of (Sigelman, 2009). This explains the differences between cultures throughout history. This is an important concept because we all notice the differences between each person’s ways of thinking. Although we can attribute this to other factors, we can recognize more similarities in people of similar social and cultural backgrounds and more differences in those with drastically different backgrounds. Vygotsky points out that one of the...
Shiraev, E., & Levy, D. (2007, 2004). Cross-Cultural Psychology (3th ed.) United States of America.
Stevenson, Angus. Oxford Dictionary of English. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternative view of intelligence which has measured intelligence based on the results that would predict success in the current educational system. Furham (2009) sums up Gardner’s definition as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings”. This definition suggests that human intelligence is comprised of more than the predictable success in a western school system. Gardner argues that traditional definitions of intelligence and intelligence testing are too narrow and marginalize people who do not fit traditional education system that focuses on visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, and logical–mathematical intelligences. He supports this with unique cases of idiots savant, who are people with low IQs but excel in skills in areas not measured through tradition IQ tests (Arnett, 2013). MI theory proposes that individual’s intelligence can be differentiated on eight different modalities:
As each and every day goes by, diversity is becoming widespread throughout the world. As people are presented with culture, races, and different sexualities that differ from their own they may become uncomfortable. Cultural awareness is important because it can combat this unease. Cultural awareness is defined as the ability to recognize the different beliefs, values, and customs that someone has based on that person's origin. Being culturally aware allows a person to build successful and professional relationships in a diverse environment.
Culture plays a significant role in shaping people’s behaviors. Humans start to expose to culture the day they are born and they learn cultural values through their everyday life interacting with the people and environments around them. The cultural values often help us in guiding our behaviors and provide us a context in helping us identify the proper way of responding to various situations. Culture can help to determine human behaviors because culture can influence individuals’ psychological processes, development of self, and motivation. However, individual differences should also be examined in determining people’s behaviors.