Extraction and Separation of Crude Oil
Introduction: In this investigation I will use the multimedia science
school programme and the chemistry books to see the formation,
extraction and separation of the crude oil.
Formation of crude oil:
F81: Reservoir conditions vary with depthF82: Reservoir drive
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As the materials were washed into the sea, land was formed. The living
material dies then the sand, mud and other materials settle on the top
of the seabed covering the dead living material.
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Than the materials are covered and many layers are made and they
become more and more compressed.
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Than as layers are made the living materials are squashed in the
middle and they are turned into the oil and also have gas on top of
the oil and also temperature and pressure cause chemical reaction and
changes to oil.
Search History
150 years ago people drilled hole where the oil was out in the surface
so that the can take whatÂ’s in the underground. They also drilled
holes where they think there was oil but sometimes they find and
sometimes they didnÂ’t. Before to many ships were sunk to find oil but
today it is an expensive business to find oil and we also have to do
it with science so that we can find oil.
The rocks contain oil and gas which are hidden from the view by sea or
other rock layers the other thin is that we can not just drill holes
and than see if we are lucky. Before we drill any holes we have to
check the area and this is where geologists, geophysicists and the
scientist came to study the area and the rocks.
The geologists look at the makeup of the rocks. The geophysicists use
the physical characteristics of rocks to find there magnetic and
gravitational properties.
There are many rocks and there are clear differences between them like
the igneous rock or sedimentary or like the sand stone which is
The United States has had several scares throughout its history in terms of oil, most turn out to be over exaggerations of a small event. However, these scares highlight a massive issue with the U.S. and that issue is the U.S.’s dependence on foreign oil. Why does it matter that our oil should come from over seas? In a healthy economy this probably wouldn’t be as relevant, but the U.S.’s economy is not exactly healthy at the moment. There are 4 things that I would like to address: what the problem is, how it affects us, what some solutions are, and what solutions I feel are best.
After the Second World War, the world was more interesting in oil than ever before. The conflict itself made the countries of the world realize that oil was a serious factor in the quest for power. From this point in history, oil was considered the driving force behind a successful economy and therefore attaining power. Therefore the quest for oil heightened during and after World War II. In the effort to acquire more oil, many countries began to seek out additional locations to drill and this drove the United States to the Middle East. In late 1943 a man named DeGolyer who was a geologist went on a mission to Saudi Arabia to survey the possibility for oil. His mission there concluded that “the oil in this region is the greatest single prize in all history”. With such a conclusion it is not surprising that the United States began extremely concerned with the oil concessions there.
This area is known as the Permian Basin. Most of the oil is being produced from rocks
Almost every single nation in our world today, the United States included, is extremely reliant on oil and how much of it we can obtain. Wars have been started between countries vying for control of this valuable natural resource. The United States as a whole has been trying to reduce its reliance on foreign oil and has had some success, especially with the discovery of the Bakken formation and projects like the Keystone Pipeline.
Figure 1: This diagram shows that there are several different layers of earth. The layer that has our oil and natural gas in it happens to be down quite a ways, even thousands of feet. This oil and natural gas can be collected by cracking the rocks with water at high pressure.
When Americans think of oil today, they think of it a substance that the United States relies heavily upon, that it is necessary in everyday life. Of course, that cannot be denied considering people use oil in an assortment of ways, from producing gasoline to fuel cars to heating homes and even as an ingredient in cosmetic products. However, during the 1800s, oil was considered a nuisance by farmers. When the use of oil was discovered in the 1850s, it soon became known as “black gold” and the oil industry soared. Many started to test their luck in oil refining, one of whom was John D. Rockefeller. Unlike many others, Rockefeller had great success as he soon became the president of Standard Oil, a company
Crude oil is formed within the Earth’ crust and within ocean basins. An ocean basin is a “depression of the earth’s surface in which an ocean lies”. As plants and animals die and remain at the bottom of the ocean they turn into fossils.
Oil has always been a coveted natural resource. Oil was discovered in the United States in 1859; since it was a young industry, it was without any structure. That is where John Davison Rockefeller stepped in. John Rockefeller was at one point one of the richest men in the world, monopolizing the oil industry which played a major role in shaping the economy.
...red by mud and silt. The silt and mud lays into rocks leaving the organic matter caught between layers of rock. As more silt and mud is laid down, more layers of rock are added on the organic matter layer. The extra weight of the rocks and some heating from beneath the organic material are helping to drive out water which includes oxygen in it. Then the oil comes up through porous rocks until it does hit a nonporous rock and there it stays to be collected. So to extract the oil we have to then use a drill to find the oil, and to find oil over the ocean we use the same concept and use a drilling rig to take out the oil. So to extract the oil we usually pump down some steam, the steam then pushes the oil up out of the ground. But there is places which are very cold and there is oil in the ground we have to then pump down a warm steam to make the oil really comes up.
Campbell, Colin J., Laherrere, Jean H. "The End Of Cheap Oil." Scientific American Mar. 1998: 78-83.
Significance: The United States must face the fact that the world is running out of oil and with today’s rising oil prices, economic and political instability in regions where the United States gets the majority of its oil, this country must begin looking into alternative means of energy to replace oil and end our dependence on foreign powers.
QUES. State whether the compounds above will be a gas or liquid state at room temperature (20 C). Hint: If the boiling point is below 20 C, then the liquid has already boiled andthe compound is a gas.
of petroleum to about 32.5 to 33 million barrels of oil per day from 33.4 million, and
The United States currently has 250 years of oil already drilled. Oil is a necessity to the world today. It is one of the most important natural resources on the planet. The benefits of oil drilling by far outweigh the negative benefits. Oil is used in many of the products that we use today. We must continue drilling for oil as it is a major natural resource that the United States can benefit from for many more years.
Oil is an essential resource in the whole world. People use oil in a variety of ways. The world has used oil for many years and it will still use it as a basic commodity. Oil use can be traced back to 1850s. However, when Edwin Drake produced commercially usable quantities of crude oil from a 69-foot well in Pennsylvania in 1859, he marked a new period that considered oil as a valuable commodity. Oil prices have been inconsistent since 1859. The discoveries of more wells considerably lowered oil prices and made some oil barons abandon the industry. However, oil prices have increased over time because of several factors.