CREATION AND VERIFICATION OF THE PAPER BASED CERTIFICATES WITH SIGNATURE. Creation of Signature on the issuing Certificate According to Murthy et al. (2011), the vital information that has to input in this paper such as Unique no, Reg no, first name, middle name, last name, Father’s name, passing year and obtained marks) need to be considered as an input m. Then after, m is hashed with a secure hashing algorithm (SHA-1) to create a hash value md. The hash value md is then encrypted using the issuing authority private key and the digital signature is found to be encrypted value (ds). Ultimately, ds is converted into a barcode BC and then printed along with the information required on the certificate. Verification of signature(Extract from: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2011/WCECS2011_pp33-35.pdf) Model of certificate (Extract from: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2011/WCECS2011_pp33-35.pdf) Verification of the certificate The vital information which belongs to the appropriate candidate mentioned in the above procedure is considered to be input m. On the other hand, m is hashed with a secure hashing algorithm (SHA-1) to create hash value md1. Bar code BC which is normally available on the particular certificate is concerted into ASCII code ds and it then decrypted with the public key of the issuing authority which gives a value md2. Make a difference between md1 and md2. Certificate is treated fake if md1 does not match to md2; otherwise it is genuine and original. Scanner identification with Extension to Forgery Detection According to Khanna et al. (2006), Digital images can be taken and from different digital cameras and scanners. Nowadays, ... ... middle of paper ... ...line level. A generic method was proposed which in turn avoid the use of dedicated document model or record sources grouping as we need to manage unknown document types. With the help of SEP forgery it is possible to produce fake document. However, the fraudster may favor two techniques to create fraudulent document: • Copy and paste forgery: a set of characters is replicated from the document and stuck on an alternate region to reinstate or include data as demonstrated in Figure below. Accordingly, the last digitized fake document will hold characters with precisely the same shape. The point when the characters are duplicated from an alternate archive with alternate font properties. The fraud belongs to the forgery process below. (a) Copy and paste technique (b) Imitation technique Figure 1(Extract from: http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/files/BGR2013.pdf)
Instructions: Write your name and the date on the top of this exam. Your must turn in this
deposit to the total amount of the checks. After the deposit has been verified and all numbers are correct, the teller will then run the checks through the proof machine to be verified again.
Instructions: Write your name and the date on the top of this exam. Your must turn in this
PKC is the enabling technology for all Internet security and the increasing use of digital signatures, which are replacing traditional signatures in many contexts. However, RSA is better than PKC because RSA doesn’t need digital signature. As a result, the RSA algorithm turned out to be a perfect fit for the implementation of a practical public security system. In 1977, Martin Gardner first introduced the RSA system. After 5 years, company RSA used secure electronic security products. Nowadays many credit companies of all over the world use the RSA system or a similar system based on the RSA system.
There are five different types of check fraud that can occur: check kitting, paper hanging, forgery, counterfeiting and alteration. Check kitting is when a person opens an account at two or more institutions and deposits and withdraws during the float time to create a fraudulent balance. Paper hanging is when a person writes a check on a closed account (either theirs or another person’s). Forgery can happen two different ways. The first way forgery can happen is in a business, when an employee, without proper authorization, issues a check. The second way forgery can happen is when somebody steals a check, endorses it and uses false personal identification to present it for payment at a bank. Counterfeiting and alteration are fairly similar and we will go into depth on how each of these takes place. Counterfeiting is when a person uses a photocopier to duplicate a check or fabricates a whole check on a personal computer with sophisticated software and a laser printer. Alteration is when chemicals are used on a check to remove or m...
Etymologically, the word plagiarism comes from Latin “plagiare” meaning to “kidnap” (Das, and Panjabi, 2011). The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines plagiarize as: “to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own: use (another's production) without crediting the source” (“Plagiarize,” n.d.). Essentially it is a dishonest act consisting in wrongly appropriate what is not yours (“What Is Plagiarism?,” n.d.). Those nuances in its definition may explain the different types of plagiarism. The number of kinds of plagiarism varies from textbook or site. For this paper, we will be limited to the study of four common types of plagiarism as suggested by Bowdoin College. We will start with direct
Often imposters steal or use someone’s identity to conceal their true identity from their creditors or other individuals or from hiding from the government. They often use the victims’ photos and personal information through social networking sites and create stories to believe every around they are the real person. This is described as Identity Cloning or concealment as the imposters conceal themselves under someone’s identity.
Image splicing forgery technique involves composition or merging of two or more images changing the original image significantly to produce a forged image. In case images with differing background are merged then it becomes very difficult to make the borders and boundaries indiscernible. Figure 2 below shows an example of image splicing where the face of two different people is combined to form a forged image.
Plagiarism, conventionally defined as literary theft, is the stealing and replication of the original ideas of another person without requesting for consent or crediting the author of a recorded or authored work (Heath 4). It may take several forms, for example, presenting an idea as original even though it has been derived from an existing source, or even neglecting to put quotation marks when quoting a sentence from borrowed work. In as much as plagiarism is widely regarded as a bad practice, it is at times committed unintentionally. As a result, there is an anti-plagiarism policy in several academic institutions and heavy penalties are imposed on individuals involved in plagiarism.
Plagiarism is when someone steals or copies someone else’s work without giving credit to the original owner. As soon as someone else’s work has been used citation is required in order to show that it is made by the original creator. There are many types of ways of plagiarism. Such as find-replace, 404 error, duplicate and hybrid.
Plagiarism is defined by UMUC (2006) as “the intentional or unintentional presentation of another person’s idea or product as one’s own. Plagiarism includes but is not limited to the following: copying verbatim all of part of another’s written work; using phrases, charts, figures, illustration, or mathematical or scientific solutions without citing the source; paraphrasing ideas conclusions or research without citing the source in the text and in reference lists; or using all or part of a literary ...
...ation. Satisfactory pass of the matriculation examination leads to a matriculation examination certificate. (Moore, 2008).
The version of Teddi Fishman’s plagiarism’s definition is being abbreviated, modified by B. Gipp definition, which referred to five characteristics of plagiarism. According to T. Fishman, plagiarisms exist when someone:
The birth number is calculated by adding the individual digit of the two-digit birth day number. The name number is calculated by adding up the numbers corresponding to each letter of a person’s name. Each such number also signifies a certain set of qualities and vices which is true for that particular person.
Fabrication is the “intentional and unauthorized falsification or invention of any information or citation in an academic exercise.”