Control Theory is the theory of support. This theory demonstrates an individual's social bonds in relation to their performance. Since certain bonds are stronger in certain kinds of lifestyles the affects will be different in all situations. Control theorists believe “in the rationality of the criminal act that the individual behaves in a criminal manner for ordinary reasons, and this behavior arises out of the person’s own free will” (Moyer, 2001, 133). However, deviant behavior is prevalent in today’s society. It is a major problem concerning adolescents all across the world. This theory carries serious paternalistic roles.
When we are born our brain lacks knowledge. It is innate for the individual to absorb the environments mentality. As the person grows older the individual would perceive several different perspectives about life. Therefore, it is for the individual to decide whether he/she would choose the right path. Parents with large families may be less able to distinguish deviant behavior in their children because it is more complicated to supervise their daily behavior. For instance, it will be less effective to control their misconduct when they are a greater number of children in the family.
Tittle argues that “ the amount of control to which one is subject relative to the amount of control one can exercise affects not only the probability that one will engage in a deviant act, but also the specific form or type of deviance” (Piquero,1999). Numerous reasons why the deviant behavior maybe lack of support from parents/guardians, peers, lack of attention, resources, opportunities, money, etc. He defines deviance as “any behavior that the majority of a given group regards as unacceptable or that typically evokes a ...
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...). Predicting Nonconventional Religious Affiliation in Tokyo: A Control Theory Application. Social Forces, 71(2), 397-410. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Moyer, I. L. (2001). Criminological Theories: Tradition and Nontraditional Voices and
Nontraditional Voices and Theories. The Control Theorists (pp 131-158). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.
Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003). Self-Control and Crime/Deviance: Cognitive vs. Behavioral Measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(4), 333-365. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Vazsonyi, A. T., & Huang, L. (2010). Where Self-Control Comes From: On the Development of Self-Control and Its Relationship to Deviance Over Time. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 245-257. Doi: 10.1037/a0016538
Warr, M. (1993). Parents, Peers and Delinquency. Social Forces, 72(1), 247-264. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
The self-control theory suggested that people engaged in criminal behaviors as they believed that crime was an advisable way of fulfilling their self-interest, which provided them a sense of pleasure immediately. Everyone has different ability to control their impulses for instant satisfaction, the ability mainly developed before puberty and relatively stable over the life span. The probability for engaging in criminal behaviors was greater in people with low self-control than those with high self-control. Moreover, the self-control theory suggested that the relationship between self-control and the involvement in criminal behaviors was less affected by factors like peer influences or cultural influences (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Therefore, self-control theory is totally different from differential association theory. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990), the major cause of children with low self-control may be inefficient parenting. Parents should monitor their children, keep the children under surveillance, and actively react to improper behaviors. They should be able to recognize when deviance occurs, then punished and disapproved that misbehaviors. If the parents failed to do so, children with low self-control may be produced and thus the children may have a greater likelihood to commit in
Booth, J., Farrell, A., & Varano, S. (2008). Social control, serious delinquency, and risky behavior: A gendered analysis. Crime & Delinquency, 54(3), 423-456.
Wiatrowski, M.D., Griswold, D.B., & Roberts, M.K. (1981). Social control theory and delinquency. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 525-541.
For instance, Donner & Jennings (2014) contributes to literature built on previous research in low self-control theory. Low self-control theory (as cited by Donner & Jennings, 2014) contends that individuals who lack self control are generally impulsive risk takers with non-verbal skills who have short sighted goals. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) Therefore, many studies in self-control design their measures around impulsive behaviors which are generally manifested in low level crime. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990)
Deviant behavior is sociologically defined as, when someone departs from the “norms”. Most of the time when someone says deviance they think against the law or acting out in a negative behavior. To sociologists it can be both positive and negative. While most crimes are deviant, they are not always. Norms can be classified into two categories, mores and folkways. Mores are informal rules that are not written; when mores are broken, they can have serious punishments and sanctions. Folkways are informal rules that are just expected to be followed, but have no real repercussions.
Krohn, M., & Massey, J. (1980). Social control and delinquent behavior: an examination of the elements of the social bond. The Socialogical Quarterly, 21(4), 529-544.
In this beautiful thing called life are a mixture of all kinds of nationality of people, adults, elderly, and youths. As a nation of humans, people have their own personalities and behave a certain way for a reason. In fact, there are some juveniles that misbehave just as the adults do and that is where the problem may or may not stand. As a result of this, comes the questions of how or what may or may not influence delinquency? Could it be that the social process of from where a person resides? People may pounder um why a person behavior can become delinquent, no one is born to be delinquent. This paper will go over, one or more aspects of how my life relate to social learning theory, social control theory, and social bonds. Discuss how those
Before the 1950’s theorists focused on what the difference was between deviants and criminals from “normal” citizens. In the 1950’s researchers were more involved exploring meaning and reasons behind deviant acts. This led to the most dominant question in the field of deviance, “what is the structural and culture factors that lead to deviant behavior?” This question is important when studying deviance because there is no clear answer, everyone sees deviance in different ways, and how deviance is created. Short and Meier states that in the 1960’s there was another shift in focus on the subject of deviance. The focus was what causes deviance, the study of reactions to deviance, and the study of rule breaking and rule making. In the 1960’s society was starting to speak out on what they believed should be a rule and what should not; this movement create chaos in the streets. However, it gave us a glimpse into what makes people become deviant, in the case it was the Vietnam War and the government. Short and Meier also write about the three levels that might help us understand were deviance comes from and how people interact to deviance. The first is the micro level, which emphasizes individual characteristics by biological, psychological, and social sciences. The second level is macrosociological that explains culture and
The positivist view of deviance places emphasis on individual's behavior being manipulated by outside forces (Goode, 2007, p. 23). Individual's are unable to contend with these outside forces which are beyond their control. Criminals and other deviants are created through biological defects which were responsible for their behavior, as it was something inherently organic and passed on through birth. The self-control theory of crime was developed by Travis Hirshi and Michael Gottfredson, two famous criminologists. Self-control theory, also known as the General Theory of crime, portrays deviance as stemming from the criminal's lack of ...
"Sociological Theories To Explain Deviance." Sociological Theories To Explain Deviance. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. .
Deviance is defined as actions or behaviors that violate socials norms. In turn the concept of deviance is dependent on the social observation and perception. “By it’s very nature, the constructionism through which people define and interpret actions or appearances is always “social.” ”(Henry, 2009 , p. 6) One’s perception of a situation may be completely different from another depending on cultural and social factors. The way someone talks, walks, dresses, and holds themselves are all factors that attribute to how someone perceives another. In some cases what is socially or normally acceptable to one person is deviant in another’s eyes. For this reason there is a lot of gray area involving the topic of deviance because actions and behaviors are so diversely interpreted.
Deviance is a title that insinuates the violation of social norms in society. This can be described as adjacent to criminal and improper behaviour imposed by the people who break the social norms of a society. Thus, becoming subjective to a label of 'deviant'. Deviants often have punishment bestowed upon them by authoritive figures such as the enforcers of law. There are many universal types of deviance throughout societys over the world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexuality. All of these may be a result of biological and social constructionist theories of deviance, this essay will define the opposing differences and the relation of the two in this essay. Both hold contributing factors to the construction of deviance in society, but are both highly conflicting theories.
Agnew, R. (1985). Social Control Theory and Delinquency: A Longitudinal Test. Criminology Volume 23 , 47-59.
Mr. Bainbridge explains how Tittle and Welch, who both play a role in criminology and provide important information on deviance itself, believe that other theories better explain why people act deviant. These theories include the following: control theory, differential association theory, and cognitive dissonance theory (Bainbridge 1989, p.288). Control theory states that people act normal because that is what is rational in society, but if given the chance to act without consequence, people would commit deviance and crime. Differential association theory states that people learn values, experience, techniques, and drive for criminal and deviant acts from reciprocal action with others....
This report examines the Control Process applied by different companies, they use the control process to make sure that, the whole departments are working as better they can, the control process improve better benefits to the company, work place, employees, customer and directors. The control process is to maximizing productivity and minimizing costs to achieve their goals. The finding in this report is based on books and Internet sources. This report recommends that, the control process is the process to achieve the goals and also to planning the future.