MYP Science One World Essay: A Reproductive Technology - The Contraceptive Injection
Introduction:
All around the world, people want to experience sexual intercourse without pregnancy. Women can get pregnant when a sperm fertilizes one of their eggs. Contraception attempts to stop fertilization by either stopping the sperm from reaching the egg or by altering egg production. The contraceptive injection is a long-term method to prevent pregnancy through altering egg production.
How injections work:
The injection is injected into a muscle in your bottom or upper arm. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestogen (synthetic progesterone), is released into the bloodstream over the course of eight to twelve weeks (source: Mirena). This stops ovulation, thickens the mucus in the cervix so that sperm cannot fertilize the egg, makes the endometrium thinner so that the vagina is unable to support a fertilized egg and sometimes stops the egg from being released (source: NHS). When the injection is in effect, women have menopause (reduced menstruation). If a women is given their injection during the first five days of the menstrual cycle, they will be immediately protected from pregnancy. If a women is given their injection on any other day, they will need to use other contraception methods for seven days (source: Planned Parenthood).
Effectiveness and limitations of injections:
The contraceptive injection provides a contraception method that lasts eight to twelve weeks, depending on the manufacturer. This eliminates problems that arise from forgetting to use contraceptive methods. It is an alternative to estrogen-based contraception methods, decreases dysmenorrhoea (painful menstruation) occurring due to menorrhagia (long and heavy menst...
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...not based on hormones are acceptable. They believe life begins when the egg is fertilized, and using hormone based contraceptives would be harming the egg, or life (source: BBC). However, Hinduism does not ban any form of birth control. Some Hindu scriptures give advice on contraception, however, Hindus accept that they have a duty to have a family (source: BBC). Islam forbids sexual intercourse outside marriage, and regard children as a gift from God. Eight of the nine Islamic law schools permit contraception, however, contraception should only be used with consent from the wife (source: BBC).
Conclusion:
To summarize, the contraceptive injection is a hormone-based contraceptive method that is effective for eight to twelve weeks. There are several limitations and side effects to using the contraceptive injection, however, it is up to women themselves to decide
In the 1950’s, the search was on for a reliable oral contraceptive. Research began based
Non-religious and religious groups both support contraception for a number of good reasons one of the arguments they use in favor of contraception is that in the USA, about 56 percent of women between 16 to 45 years old practice birth control. When birth control is not used about 85/86 percent of sexually active parents experience a pregnancy. Contraception clearly prevents unwanted pregnancies, which if the woman has any medical ailments could result in death of the mother or of the child or both.
The Depo Provera Shot. What is it exactly? It is a female contraceptive form of birth control this shot is made up of a similar hormone as progesterone. It is injected in either the buttocks. Each shot works up to 12-14 weeks, but in order for it to work properly you have to get it redone every 12 weeks. What it does is it suppresses ovulation, keeping your ovaries from releasing an egg. It also thickens cervical mucus from reaching the eggs. Studies show that this drug is just as effective as having your tubes tied, which in other words is 99% effective.
Contraception, contragestion, (preventing the fertilized egg from implantation - morning-after-pill) and the chemical or surgical induction of abortion are all types of birth control routes to prevent or end pregnancy (“What”). Contraception is the devices, drugs, agents, sexual practices, or surgical procedures to prevent a pregnancy. Contraception tends to help a women decide if and when she would want to have a baby (“What”). There are around 17 different types of birth control methods. According to the article from Oxford there are three main categories of contraception. They are the barrier methods, intrauterine, and the hormonal methods (“Contraception”). They vary from a pill, patch, shot, an implant and a condom to name a few. The most common type of contraception for women is the birth control pill. This pill includes estrogen and progestin to stop the release of the egg and thin the lining of the uterus. If the contraception device is used correctly, only about 3 in every 1,000 women will beco...
Two major types of birth control are contraceptives and condoms. Condoms prevent STDs by stopping the flow of semen in to the vaginal canal. Contraceptives are more complex. Birth control contraceptives help to prevent pregnancies by combining the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent the egg from being released during the monthly cycle. Not only do the contraceptives prevent the egg from dropping but they also thicken the mucus around the cervix making it hard for sperm to enter the uterus just in case any eggs were released. (Hirsch 1)
As a nurse practitioner, it’s essential to consider family and social histories whenever consider starting a patient on any medications. In order to increase patient’s compliance, it is necessary to use an effective, accessible, and well-tolerated treatment plan for the patient. My treatment goal for Claudia would be to educate her about the different types of birth control and which one would work best for her. Also, I would recommend her the following two options that I believe would work best. My first option is the intrauterine device (IUD) which is a long-acting, reversible contraceptive that can remain in the uterus for 3–10 years depending on the method that is used. The three types of IUDs are Copper (ParaGard), and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) devices Skyla and Mirena. The second option is the medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). Depo-Provera is classed as a long-acting reversible method of contraception. One of the key advantages of this method is that it requires no action on the part of the patient and is usually given at intervals of twelve weeks, making it an excellent choice for patients who have problems complying with oral contraceptive methods
The most popular form of birth control is the pill. The reason for this is that it is said to be very effective against pregnancy if used correctly, it makes menstrual periods more regular and lighter, they decrease menstrual cramps and acne, makes you less likely to get ovarian and uterine cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and anemia, and last but not least, it doesn’t interrupt love making. Those are the good things about the pill. There are also a list of negative things: the pill doesn’t protect against S...
To be used successfully a record should be kept for at least six menstrual cycles. The fertile period is then defined by a set of rules for example: The length of the shortest cycle less 18 days marking the start of the fertile period and the length of the longest cycle less 11 days marking the end of the fertile period. This is the only birth control method that has received the Catholic Church’s seal of approval.
The ParaGard is a birth control that can be used up to ten years, usually after you start taking birth control, you should use condoms for seven days, but with this specific IUD, it starts working immediately after it is inserted. The benefits of the ParaGard are it will not change your hormone levels, and it is reversible, meaning if you would like to get pregnant, you can do so quickly after the IUD is removed. Side effects may include increased cramping, heavier bleeding during period, backaches, spotting, anemia, vaginitis, pain during sex, and vaginal discharge. For this certain IUD you would need to make sure you do not have a sensitivity to copper.
The etonogestrel is a synthetic hormone that causes changes in the users cervical mucus and uterine lining, which makes it difficult for the sperm to reach the uterus as well as inhibiting the fertilized egg to attach to the uterus. Since the hormone is distributed intravenously, it is 100% bioavailable. Etonogestrel is metabolized by the liver through the enzyme CYP3A4 and has a half-life of about 25 hours. The body needs approximately 25-30 μg/day of etonogestrel to suppress ovulation. Figure 3 shows the release pattern of etonogestrel at hours and months after insertion and removal. The peak serum concentration is shown to occur a few weeks after insertion and Implanon release 35-45μg per day at the end of the first year after insertion. Following the end of the second year that range drops slightly, releasing about 30-40 μg per day and by the end of the third year the range declines to 25-30 μg per day, which is still within the range to suppress ovulation. This shows why the implant is recommended to prevent pregnancy for three years, but needs replacement after that time. Nexplanon follows the same release pattern and timeline. After removal, the amount of etonogestrel falls rapidly and is undetectable within one
There is also a female condom method that is a thin plastic pouch that is lines the vagina and has to be put in the vagina eight hours before having sex. This method is less operative than the male condom. The advantages of this method is it can be pu...
“The best form of birth control is an aspirin grasp firmly between the [female] knees,” states a 1950’s old wives’ tale, the truth to the matter is birth control has not changed much since then. The female contraceptive began marketing in the 1960’s (Sohn 1). That means the pill, as it is commonly known, just celebrated its fiftieth birthday. Birth control is anything that prevents the ovum, commonly known as the egg, from meeting up with sperm cells (Planned Parenthood 2). Female hormonal pills, or patches, use levels of chemical synthesized hormones to trick the body into thinking it is carrying a baby (Planned Parenthood 3). This is used and a method of pregnancy prevention and hormone management in women. These hormones are used to get young ladies to start menstruation and fight off early signs of menopause, or the absences of menstruation for a whole year (Planned Parenthood 1). Male forms of birth control have dated back to the 1800’s; making those even changing less than female forms (Planned Parenthood 3). With years to prefect and master female birth control is still not the safest or most practical option, and with male forms being held back, birth control is still viewed as a woman’s job; however, when sex and pregnancy prevention effect both parties they both should be offered equal options to prepare and protect themselves.
In 1960, birth control was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for contraceptive use (Nikolchev). Since then, birth control pills have had a tremendous impact in the American culture. Women were now able to prevent unplanned pregnancy without the consent of their partners and eliminating the use of condoms and other dual consent birth control methods. Birth control pills contain two important hormones: estrogen and progesterone. Natural estrogen is a hormone that is produced in the ovaries and helps regulate the menstrual cycle (Rettner). According to Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Steven Goldstein, “progesterone is a hormone that stimulates and regulates important functions, playing a role in maintaining pregnancy, preparing the body for conception and regulating the menstrua...
-The contraceptive patch (Evra®) is a new method of birth control which is small, round as bandage that sticks and placed directly on a woman’s skin and continuously releases estrogen and a progestin into the bloodstream. It prevents pregnancy primarily by stopping the ovaries from releasing an egg, and it may also thicken the cervical mucus which makes it harder for sperm to get into the uterus (“Hormonal Methods” Sexuality and U.ca). It’s safe, and convenient.
There are a large variety of birth control options in the market these days. These options include the patch, the ring, and the shot. The shot, of the hormone progestin, is applied in the arm or buttock every 12 weeks to, prevent release of egg or, prevent fertilized egg from implanting in uterus. The patch a thin plastic places on the skin of the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso once a week for three weeks in a row. The ring is a small, flexible hoop inserted deep into the vagina for three weeks in a row and taken out the fourth week. The Ring protects against pregnancy by releasing estrogen and progestin.