Conceptualization and the Perception of Corruption

It is commonly known that corruption exists in many different countries. Each country has different levels and forms of corruption. The article conceptualizes corruption into two major categories as well as explaining the importance of the perception of corruption. The two major categories of corruption as stated in the article are everyday corruption which includes bribery to officials and business corruption which include state, business, and administrative corruption. The article mainly focuses on the perception of corruption because it is believed, measuring perception of corruption is another way to measure the actual corruption at the regional level as well as federal level. In addition, the article explains the different matters that affect the perception of corruption. In Russia, the freedom of the press, competitive elections, and the economic developments are matters that affect the perception of corruption.
Having corruption specifically political corruption does matter because it undermines the government. To explain why such corruption matters to countries, in this case Russia, the article provide the results of the studies conducted of the perception of corruption in Russia. Based on the results, having an incredibly competitive election is linked to having more corruption performed by the candidates in order to skew the results or by people who desperately want a certain party to win. An example of corruption performed by candidates is providing false information and other negative advertisements distributed in newspapers or journals. Candidates have also managed to steal votes from their competitor by methods like changing names and passports. In other words, political corruption is conceptually the dirty tri...

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...ng paradox was given which states that the government view corruption as a problem but the public doesn’t view corruption as a government priority. In the future, Russia may use methods like the United Russia to diminish the perception of corruption, although not the ideal way but eventually having to improve economic development.
Moreover, the article offers a different perspective from the other previous articles. It offers an outlook of the citizen’s of Russia and how it influences the perception of corruption. The citizens ultimately are being affected by the different matters of the country in this case being the Russian elections, economic development, and the press. The article in many times refers to the relationship between the citizens and the government or elites unlike the previous articles which mainly focused on the elite or a certain public policy.