The concept of job design is not newly introduced; Frederick Winslow Taylor was the first to initiate the concept of redesigning job tasks and motivating the employees to optimizing their performance in early 20th century. Job design is an effectual tool for enhancing the employee’s performance. Job design includes techniques that encourage employees to execute productive results. It can be defined as “the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction” (draft, 1994). It can also be defined as “changing the content and process of the job to increase the employees satisfaction, motivation and productivity” (knapp and mujtaba, 2010). Jon design is basically a technique to reduce the …show more content…
Job design should be aligned with the employee’s capabilities or desire. Employees are an important asset of any organization so, organization should make sure that whether their employees are satisfied with their roles or not. Work design according to one’s own choice brings involvement and satisfaction among employees. It is foremost responsibility of HR department to understand the significance of job design because improved job design will lead to employee’s satisfaction and will result in better performance.
The aim of conducting this research is to analyze the impact of job design on employee’s performance. The job design includes job enrichment, job enlargement and job rotation, these are the factors that plays vital role in job design. This research reveals the importance of these factors with motivation.
Literature
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Hackman study reveals that employee will positively respond if four dimensions are adopted i.e variety, autonomy, task identity and feedback. The hackman-lawler theory posits that job should contain all four dimensions for increasing the level of motivation and satisfaction among the employees.
Another job characteristics model is represented by Hackman and Oldham (1980), they exhibit three psychological states named as meaningfulness of work, responsibilities of outcome and knowledge of results for intensifying the work quality. These three psychological states are associated with Hackman four dimensions (variety, autonomy, task identity and feedback). Another intent of this theory is to reduce stress, reducing training time and increase in number of employees who can perform up to mark with little or no training.
Socio-technical theory identify the interaction between people and technology in work place. Job design should include organizing people and their job contents. Socio-technical theory basically introduced with the purpose of encouraging innovation in work group (Holman and waterson,
The job characteristics model is defined as, “An approach to job design that aims to identify characteristics that make jobs intrinsically more motivating and the consequences
It is a fundamental HRM activity and plays the key role in deciding on the actual job structure which is, “identifying the relevant tasks and activities and allocating them across employees in a way that allows the organization to reap benefits from specialization”, but also bundle job tasks in order to use possible synergies between the different tasks (Foss, Minbaeva, Pedersen & Reinholt, 2009, p.873). There are two major approaches to job design, these are the job enrichment approach “which attempts to make the job more interesting, challenging, and significant by adding dimensions such as variety, autonomy, feedback, and control” and the job engineering approach “which attempts to make jobs more efficient by improving work methods, tools, and task-goal structure through activities such as time-and-motion studies and goal setting” (Umstot, Bell & Mitchell, 1976,
Job enrichment is a job redesign technique that allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks, giving them more responsibility (Principles of Management, March 2013, p. 336). Adding responsibility to employee’s positions will empower them to perceive their position requires and advancement in pay.
A widely accepted plan at the time by employees gave them the type of motivation that increase job performance. However, not giving employees the best possible motivator to raise their efficiency levels, plus they are using a financial incentive plan with major design problems. “Research shows that there are four signs that affect employees’ motivation (engagement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover). If employers focus on these four indicators successfully, employee motivation and organizational success strengthens (Newstrom, 2015, p.
Organizations face massive challenges in attracting and retaining a high-quality and productive workforce. Companies are continually looking for new ways to keep their employees satisfied at all levels in order to harness greater productivity and ideas from people while keeping them motivated and happy. One real challenge examined earlier is the need to transform General Motors to be a much more productive and fully utilized organization by examining the hourly workforce. This is a great change from the traditional "us versus them" mentality of the past between management and the union.
In today’s advanced technological workplace, companies are looking into several new management styles and concepts. Among them is a theory called sociotechnical systems (STS). This is a theory that has been around for about 50 years and is still being attempted for use today. Many managers along with one member of the STS founding team, Fred Emery, argue that STS is obsolete; other managers have implemented STS with great success. With this new style of management practice, several changes will have to take place. These changes along with several examples of both positive and negative effects will be examined throughout this essay.
A job analysis a great way to analyzed whether or not the individual is fit for the position. By creating a questionnaire that relates to the daily tasks for the position will narrow done the selection process into a smaller portion. The information given from the Job Analysis is also used to create a Job Description and Job Specification. “Job description identifies the tasks, duties, and responsibilities. The “job specification list the KSAOCs that individuals need to posses to perform a job successfully”(Pynes, 2013). After an individual is hired we must train that individual with the proper format in order for them to understand the concept of work. In this process I will develop a training program that includes all the organizations policies, procedures and daily tasks.
From this research it is evidently crucial that motivation is maintained in the work place. It affects all levels of the managerial pyramid from low level staff to high ranking managers and more importantly the company as a whole. If a happy work environment Is created then the results will be un-measurable in turn leading to greater profits for the business and in reality all companies whether it be retail or call centres are all looking for maximised profits. From incetric, exentric and job design techniques it is for the management to determine what’s best for the company, a diction that can lead to great success or shocking failure.
a. Job design is specification of job features, primarily the duties, the quantity of work expected, and the level of responsibility. A job analysis is a systematic process of collecting data for determining the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform a job successfully and to make numerous judgements about it. Simply put, with job design you are designing a new job position vs. job analysis you are evaluating an existing position.
When it is discovered that a worker can fulfill the requirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), “motivation is a fundamental component of performance “ and “is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others”. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of output required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towards the objectives that they need to accomplish, and sustains that level of effort over a period of time (Steers et al., 2004). In essence, worker motivation is what gets the job done. Employee motivation has always been a central problem in the workplace, and, as an individual in a supervisory position, it becomes ones duty to understand and institute systems that ensure the proper motivation of your subordinates. Proper motivation of employees can ensure high productivity and successful workflow, while low worker motivation can result in absenteeism, decreased productivity rates, and turnover. A large body of research has been produced regarding motivation, and much of this research is applicable to the workplace. Due to the nature of man, motivation varies from individual to individual, and, because of this, there is no one system that is the best for ensuring worker motivation in every organizational situation, and, as a product, many theories have been created to outline what drives people to satisfactorily complete their work tasks. Throughout the course of this document, the three main types of these motivational theories will be outlined and examples of each as well...
Today work environment company are expecting very high demand from manager and workers that they over sea about job performance to keep than motivated to do they tasks. First the manager has to meet executive level manager’s goals and productivity to keep a companies success. The test book reading stated Organization is people working together to achieve a common goals, that goals also can evaluate the issues about the absenteeism in the workforce. Manager are govern by four functions to keep a business delay functions work first Planning setting performance, second Organization to process assigning tasks, third Leading to process a arousing environment by inspiring others, four controlling to process of measuring work performance.
Motivation inspires employees to reach their desired personal goals and achieve the organizations objectives. Depending on the person and position within the organization, different motivational theories may be applied to assist in their accomplishments. Setting attainable standards and assigning quantifiable goals, while offering positive direction and encouragement will result in job satisfaction. This will create a harmonious atmosphere which will increase the value in an organizations most precious resource, human capitol.
It represents the Strategic human resource management (SHRM) core function like “work analysis, Job design and job analysis” defines its importance in strategies implementation in any organization. This assignment will also discuss the aspect of Human Resource department that why they are giving more edge to other functions like Recruitment and selection, Performance appraisal and Occupational health and safety. This report will also presents the today’s critical business challenges and the with coming new responsibilities for HR and why they have started to give more weightage to Job analysis and design in order to get the better output and efficiency of the organization. Moreover, Human capital is a vital factor for any department in any organization. “Hiring smart” is becoming a fashion trend for companies for their effectiveness, productivity and employee motivation as the more investment will be done in employees by the firms. It continues with the recommendations on the need of analysis and design of work and how to make employees motivated in the company.
So sometimes its important to make the workplace more flexible for employee's/student because if the employee's don't get no lunch break or some type of rest then employee's will have a lack of motivation, this will certainly effect the company's growth. This covers the module content of work orientation, motivation and meaning, and reward. In class what I learnt was the different motivational theories relating to workplace/studying. For example an Employee's motivation is a factor that causes an employee to pursue work tasks or
People’s behaviour is determined by what motivates them. The aim of this essay is to discuss the essence of the motivation and psychological strengths, its evolution, a brief overview of the key theories of the employees’ motivation and behaviour analysis. The main task is to understand how motivation affects employee behaviour and to clarify the importance of motivation. In this essay I will discuss and produce definitions and examples to answer the main question of what is the driving force and how do people’s needs influence performance at work?