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Introduction on measles
Introduction on measles
Introduction on measles
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The Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body.
Common Symptoms
Usually a person doesn’t start to get symptoms of measles until they have been infected with the virus for 7-11 days. The symptoms are:
• Runny nose
• Dry hacking cough
• Sore throat – lymph nodes swell
• Sneezing
• Fever – this can be mild or severe and can reach 105Fº
These symptoms are often passed off as cold or flu, so the measles isn’t usually detected until later on. Other symptoms include:
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• General aches
• Koplik’s spots – these are spots inside the mouth, throat and side’s of cheek, they are a greyish-white colour.
• Spotty red rash...
The Measles starts with a fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes, and sore throat. It is then followed by a rash that spreads over the body, starting first on the face along the hairline. The infectious period of measles is 4 days before rash onset through 4 days after rash onset. The measles are a highly contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat mucus and spreads through the air through coughing and sneezing. (WHO, 2016). The measles virus can remain airborne for up to an hour after the infected person has left the area. The measles are so contagious that if one person has it, 90% of the unvaccinated people close to them will become infected. Rarely can the virus be deadly. The incubation period for
Mumps is a paramyxovirus that is closely related to the parainfluenza virus. Its symptoms were first described in the 5th century BC, and it was a very common childhood affliction until the last several decades. It was identified as a virus in 1934, and an effective vaccine was developed in 1967. Mumps is acquired by aerosol, necessitating close human interaction for spread. Human beings are the only known reservoir for mumps virus, and there is only one serotype.
A person who has been infected by the disease may experience signs of fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and a red rash that appears blotchy. Generally the signs become present between ten and twenty-one days after the person has been exposed to and infected by the virus (Silverstein et al., 1998). This is what is known as the incubation period (Plum, J., 2001). The rash is most likely to begin on the chest, back, or the scalp, but will soon spread to the rest of the body. After a couple days of having physical evidence of the infection, the rash will s...
Red spots begin to appear on the roof of the mouth (palate) about 2 to 3 days after symptoms first appear. Bright red spots may appear on the tongue, giving it an appearance called "strawberry tongue."
(3) After two weeks, the symptoms are more severe and can range from vomiting to turning blue and/or whooping. Consequently, many people do not experience many symptoms and are often wrongly diagnosed. Pertussis is more frequently observed in young children than in adults. As a matter of fact, most adults are not diagnosed considering the majority do not experience any symptoms besides a hacking cough. (3) Pertussis is often diagnosed through multiple tests including blood tests and physical examinations which are unnecessary in situations where the whoop is present. (2) The most dependent test is made by the PCR or polymerase chain reaction. Mucus from the throat is used and combined with the
After a few days after developing a rash, it may change into small lumps all over the body. These symptoms may come just after a week of being infected. "The first symptoms may appear 12 to 14 days after you're infected." A rash will appear in the mouth and throat in the first few days, it will then spread to the face and arms and finally, the legs. The rashes will grow bigger as days go by, eventually transforming into large bumps filled with puss and fluid. Then these bumps are replaced with blisters, which will drop off and that indicates that the person has become infected and can possibly spread the disease.
Smallpox is a disease as old as time. In fact, experts are unsure of its possible origin because it is so far buried in antiquity. It is believed to have first appeared in Northeastern Africa around 10,000 BC (Shannon 2014). According to the Centers for Disease Control “The pox part of smallpox is derived from the Latin word for ‘spotted’ and refers to the raised bumps that appear on the face and body of an infected person” (“Smallpox Disease Overview” 2007). The transmission of this disease is rather simple. It is spread from person-to-person by inhalation, through direct contact with infected body fluids, from contaminated fomites, and even scab suspensions from an infected person in the air. The disease in humans has an incubation period of about 7-17 days. Symptoms include high fever, chills, head and body aches, vomiting, and small red spots in the infected person’s mouth and on their tongue. The most severe symptom, however, is the skin rash that spreads on those infected. It begins on the face, and migrates to the appendages of the body, especially the feet and hands. This type of spreading is known as centrifugal distribution (Shannon 2014).
It grows over some months and appears on skin most often exposed to the sun. It can be a thickened, red, scaly spot that may bleed easily, crust or ulcerate.
The origin of the disease was lost in early history, but smallpox was a disease that dates back to ancient times that did not discriminate against anyone, affecting all levels of society. It conquered kings, queens, emperors, and attacked the lower classes as well. It is spread by physical contact and begins by invading the body through the lungs, spreads throughout the bloodstream, infects the organs, and finally leaves a terrible rash on the skin. A person who has smallpox was typically distinguished by a fever, headache, and vomiting. A pink rash appears after a few days and the hives grow until they eventually dry up and leave a sunken scar. Unfortunately, once the infection has occurred in, there was no effective treatment to cure the disease and over 30% of the cases were fatal, making smallpox the most
serious complications. Measles are caused by a virus and is spread from person to person through
Teenagers and adults who contract pertussis usually experience milder symptoms and complications than babies and children. Usually, in teens and adults, the complications that arise from pertussis occur from the coughing fits. Complications in teens and adults are rare;
Measles is a highly contagious disease. It is caused by an RNA virus that changes constantly. Measles symptoms usually include a bad cough, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and a very high fever. Red patches with white grain like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth two to four days after the first symptoms show. These patches are called Koplik spots because Henry Koplick first noticed them in 1896. The Spots are important to diagnose measles. A characteristic red rash in measles is red spots starting at the hairline and going down to the face, body, and limbs.
What are Measles? Measles are a disease that you can get without getting your measles shot from a doctor. Measles is a case that can be helped but you need a certain vaccine to help you.even though the vaccine helps you there have been some recant cases of measles.
A major concern with pertussis is when a patient has coughing spells leading to vomiting or a short loss