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cloning human and animal
advantages of human cloning
ethical issues with cloning
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Cloning: one small word with a big purpose. Cloning is the process that is used to create and produce genetically identical copies of an organism. Cloning has many promising applications in medicine, industry, conservation of life and basic research. Although cloning has proved to be technically challenging, when the process is successful, the effect is momentous. Moreover, genetic engineering, another word for cloning, is essential to research and creation of life. Cloning is a highly controversial subject and comes at a very high ethical price of messing with genetic life for the purpose of creating it, or destroying it.
The era of laboratory cloning began in 1958 when F.C Steward cloned carrot plants. But, plant asexual reproduction has been manipulated through grafting and steam cutting for more than two thousand years prior. The first life changing breakthrough in cloning history came to be nearly forty year later in 1996 when, Scottish scientists cloned the first mammal. Using cells from an adult sheep and an egg cell, Dolly the sheep was created. It was the first time in history that adult cells were used to clone a mammal, instead of using embryonic cells. Since then, scientists have been able to clone mice, cattle and goats by using similar methods.
Cloning begins by separating a specific length of DNA that contains the specific gene that you want to copy. The small particle of the gene is then placed into another DNA strand called the vector, which after time is transformed into a recombinant DNA molecule. That molecule is used to transport the gene into a host cell, like yeast, the DNA can replicate away from the nuclear DNA to produce clones. Cloning also occurs naturally in some plants and bacteria. Plants a...
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...the research just may be worth the success in the end. Advances in scientific research will tempt some for “the best” reasons, but setting aside others dignity for just a possibility of human life may not be worth the convictions of this method.
Works Cited
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Petechuk, David. "Clone and Cloning." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 899-902. General OneFile. Web. 6 May 2014.
"Pros and Cons of Human Cloning - HealthRF." HealthRF. HRF, 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 15 May 2014.
(Smith, Wesley J. "The Arrival of Human Cloning; It's here. Don't get used to it." The Weekly Standard 27 May 2013. General OneFile. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
Farrell, Courtney. "Cloning: An Overview. By: Farrell, Courtney, Carson-Dewitt, Rosalyn, Points of View: Cloning, 2013." Ebscohost.com. Mackinvia.com, 2013. Web. 21
Cloning, upon first hearing the word cloning, the thought of Dolly the sheep pops into the mind. The first and most used type of cloning though is not the type that creates animals, but rather DNA cloning. “Cloning is an umbrella term that science uses to indicate the duplication of biological material.”(Human Genome Project) Cloning is further broken down into three categories. The first is DNA cloning, which is the replication of DNA strands. DNA cloning is usually the process of getting a cell to replicate a desired gene for us. DNA cloning has been used since the 1970’s and has persisted as an effective cheap means of replicating DNA of interest in a foreign host cell. “To "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes.”(Human Genome Project) Plasmids are not part of the chromosome but they replicate along with the cell when it replicates and divides. Since they are not a part of the chromosome they are easier to isolate and manipulate without affecting the cells function. “When the f...
Web. 11 Dec. 2013 “History of Cloning.” Harverd medical School. N.p., n.d. Web. 10.
Cloning is a real process that scientists use today to reproduce an exact living copy of DNA from the DNA of another living organism. When the idea of cloning first came about in the early 1800’s people believed it to be more science fiction than actual science. People didn’t understand the concept of cloning and therefore was naturally scared of the subject. It is best understood by how the Department of Animal Sciences at Cornell University explains it, “Cloning is a method of producing two or more genetically identical organisms by asexual reproduction. This means that there is only one parent cell, from which all the genetic information will come. Thus, the DNA sequence of cloned organisms is exactly the same as that of the parent cell.” Despite the general population’s disbelief there have been major scientific advances in the cloning process in the last fifty years. After many years of trial and error the first successful clone was created.
“Cloning represents a very clear, powerful, and immediate example in which we are in danger of turning procreation into manufacture.” (Kass) The concept of cloning continues to evoke debate, raising extensive ethical and moral controversy. As humans delve into the fields of science and technology, cloning, although once considered infeasible, could now become a reality. Although many see this advancement as the perfect solution to our modern dilemmas, from offering a potential cure for cancer, AIDS, and other irremediable diseases, its effects are easily forgotten. Cloning, especially when concerning humans, is not the direction we must pursue in enhancing our lives. It is impossible for us to predict its effects, it exhausts monetary funds, and it harshly abases humanity.
Cloning is a DNA sequence, such as a gene, that is transferred from one organism to another and replicated by genetic engineering techniques. This means to reproduce or propagate asexually and some sexually. Cloning is made when you have several embryos and you try to duplicate them to produce more eggs which is called SCNT. SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) is used so that they can take a piece of DNA from an egg and transfer it to another egg after the nucleus has been eliminated by an ultra violet beam. This technique is really hard to accomplish but can be done by well experienced scientists. There are many reasons why scientist would like to clone, and two of the main reasons are finding a cure to certain types of diseases and helping the endangered species come back to life like they once were.
First, what exactly is cloning? In biology, cloning is used in two contexts: cloning a gene, or cloning an organism. Cloning is the reproduction of a human or animal whose genetic substance is identical to an existing being, such as an embryo or fetus. This is a reproductive process. Cloning a gene means extracting a gene from one organism and inserting it into a second organism.
In the essay, Cloning Reality: Brave New World by Wesley J. Smith, a skewed view of the effects of cloning is presented. Wesley feels that cloning will end the perception of human life as sacred and ruin the great diversity that exists today. He feels that cloning may in fact, end human society as we know it, and create a horrible place where humans are simply a resource. I disagree with Wesley because I think that the positive effects of controlled human cloning can greatly improve the quality of life for humans today, and that these benefits far outweigh the potential drawbacks that could occur if cloning was misused.
Herbert, Wray. The World After Cloning. U.S. News and World Report. March 10, 1997: 59-64.
Human cloning research has once been the subject of terrifying science-fiction films and novels, science experiments gone wrong, accomplished only by the evil scientists twirling their moustaches. However, ideas presented on page and screen are rarely accurate. The possibility of cloning an exact copy of another human with one already fully developed is almost impossible, but through meticulous research, scientists have discovered the numerous benefits of cloning humans, either with individual cells or an embryo.
Cloning is a process that creates exact genetic copies of an existing cell.Cloning is a more general term that describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies. The process of cloning can happen either naturally, for instance, when identical twins develop or it can be induced through synthetic conditions in a laboratory. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.
Cloning is a process by which genetically equal organisms are created with the same DNA. In simplest terms, clones are like twins born at different times. This procedure poses various dangers to society and humankind. One of the greatest threats this procedure creates is among
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Human Cloning Foundation. “The Benefits of Human Cloning.” 1998. Human Cloning Foundation. 1 October 2001 <http://www.humancloning.org/benefits.htm>.