Clinical drug trials are tests on drugs to find out if the outcome is a cure to the disease or not. In other words, clinical drug trials are done to figure out the effectiveness of the drug. Clinical drug trials are ethical because the scientists are trying to find hope and cures to diseases that may be taking over a person’s life. Chase, who has fragile X syndrome, showed signs that the drug he took in a clinical drug trial, minocycline, was working when he began to develop the abilities to understand things and respond to others. Also, clinical drug trials started back since the start of civilization and now the 20th century has advance much more in medicine. These clinical drug trial are being done for humans, are for people’s benefit, and can give to someone a better future. Therefore, clinical drug trials are ethical to be used on humans. First, people who participate in these clinical drug trials can find medicine that helps them to cure or get better from their own disease or illness. Chase has fragile X syndrome, so this causes him to not have certain abilities. He partici...
There are many pros and cons to the practice of animal testing. Unfortunately, neither side pleases everyone- including the general public, government and scientists. Animal testing is a process that has been going on for centuries for many different reasons; finding drugs and treatments to improve health and medication. Many medical treatments have been made possible by animal testing, including cancer, HIV drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and many more. Scientists usually use animals for testing purpose because they are considering similar to humans. Animals have their differences, and are also similarities. This is what comparative medicine is about: researches use both similarities and differences to gain insight into the many complex human biological systems.
People have different views to this question, but ultimately multiple tests and studies show that animal testing does not help improve human health. Scientists and researchers have predicted what percent of animal tests are accurate on humans and what percent of human tests are accurate on humans. They predicted that sixty-five percent of animal tests used on humans would be accurate and that seventy-five percent to eighty percent of human-cell line tests used on humans would be accurate ("Product Testing: Toxic and Tragic"). Thousands of people die from animal tested drugs because it is shown that ninety-two percent of animal tested drugs don't work. So, only eight percent do ("Fact! Testing Drugs on Animals Does Not Work to Help Humans"). If people actually looked at the data above, then it could in the end be a winning situation for both humans and animals ("Fact! Testing Drugs on Animals Does Not Work to Help
In conclusion, animal testing is cruel and unnecessary. Scientists realize that testing drugs on animals is inaccurate and useless. "A growing number of doctors and scientists worldwide are pointing out the fact that animal research is totally useless and that its misleading results frequently prove counter-productive and damaging to human health."(The Human Victims: Animal-based Medical Research) Medical testing on animals is useless and should be stopped. The results from testing on animals is usually inaccurate and it is unnecessary to test on innocent animals.
Though the research seems pretty sound in the ethical department, one could say that placebo controlled studies could be unethical in themselves. Accepting someone into a clinical trial gives him or her hope of improvement, but they may not ever get that chance. If they were placed in the control group, they would only receive a sugar pill that would have no health implications. Though part of many successful and effective experiments, it could be raised as an ethical issue.
In my opinion it is ethical. Without human testing, they will never know if the end results of all that science. Science-based medicine depends upon human experimentation. Scientists can do the most fantastic translational research in the world, starting with elegant hypotheses, tested through in vitro and biochemical experiments, after which they are tested in animals. If human testing was not allowed you would not have the medicine that you take like ibuprofen. You need human testing because you would not know if some medicine is going to help you. It could be harmful if it isn't tested by a human. There may be bad things about human testing but the good ones outweigh the bad ones. Plus who ever is going to test it for science has to agree
The optimistic viewpoints for animal testing are that it assists researchers in finding drugs and treatments to advance health and medicine. It is a legal requirement in most countries for drugs and vaccines to be tested in animals to ensure safety. The world would be a different place if animal research for medical purposes were done away with hundreds of years ago. Today many medical treatments have been made possible by animal testing, including cancer and HIV drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines, etc. Animal testing and research is considered very important for improving human health; in fact, the scientific community and some of the general public support animal research. There are also groups of individuals who are against animal testing for cosmetics but they defend animal testing for medicine and the development of new drugs for disease.
How ethical is animal testing compared to other methods of testing products for humane medical use? Today a lot of people are just looking for the most effective product out there to use. If animals aren’t used for testing products, consumers are more likely to buy these products. Humans are more at risk for side effects because animals don’t always get accurate results. Animals and humans are not exactly the same so the reaction to a drug in an animal’s body is going to be quite different from a reaction in a human’s body. Also when an animal is under a lot of stress it can lead to un-accurate results. Animal testing costs a huge amount of money as the animals need to be fed, housed, cared for, and treated with a particular experimental substance. Different reactions to different medications are unique to each species of animal. For example, penicillin kills guinea pigs but it is totally inactive in rabbits. When tested on animals the results are not always the same. Alternative methods would be beneficial to companies so that they don’t loose money when people start to not by their product.
Today, most of world population is living on the medication. Have you ever thought how all off the medicines come through out? How are medicines approved for human use? It is a long process including chemical synthesis, animal testing, clinical trials and post surveillance study of the drug. From those all steps, animal testing is a very crucial part and also a debatable step for research. Animals are used to check drug profile, in which animals are suffering from pain, stress and various other diseases. Do you think that animal testing is required? Let’s start with the human perspectives about conducting experiments on the humans instead of animals. When we see animals suffering from electric shock while doing the experiment on them, don’t
The pharmaceutical industry confronts several dilemmas every year. Most of these dilemmas revolve around money or whether or not to sacrifice now for a bigger payoff in the end concerning money and/or lives. Pharmaceutical companies tend to use shortcuts that create ethical problems. Drug companies have spent millions/billions of dollars in research, and they obviously want to see favorable results during the testing stage so they know that they didn't spend all that money for nothing. The companies usually are the ones who influence what, when, how and who tests their drugs. This gives them an influential leg up on the negative outcomes. Sometimes, drug companies have even resorted to testing on individual without their approval. The pharmaceutical industry spends money to make money, but the majority of people who are sick tend to reside in third world countries that cannot afford to pay the premiums that the drug companies charge. Sometimes, this can result in drug companies not pursuing a drug that could save millions of lives just because they wouldn't be able to make a profit.
At first glance, animal testing may seem innocent enough, but a glance under the surface shows the real horror behind it. Animals everyday are subjected to cruel and unusual torture, things that we would never allow humans to be subjected to. Many ask why this has been societies modus operandi for so long, having been made unaware to the general public. Supporters of this testing say they are protecting humans from what the drug might contain if not first tested on animals. So why would we make these poor animals get the side effects of these products. Animal testing for products is not only cruel, but inhumane and very ineffective.
Clinical trial is biomedical or health related research studies in human being that follow a pre-defined protocol. Research is an activity designed to test a hypothesis that helps in concluding and developing knowledge. It is a protocol that has an objectives and procedures to reach those objectives (1). There are two types of clinical studies. One is interventional studies in which the research subjects are assigned by the investigator to a treatment or other intervention, and their outcomes are measured. Second is an observational study in which individuals are observed and their outcomes are measured by the investigators.
That is why when new drugs come out, the developers still practice experiments with a human. In my personal opinion, though medical testing is important for the development of today’s world, animals should not be suffering from human medical development. I am choosing animal testing as my topic for this research project, and I want to focus on people’s opinions on animal testing, and whether there are alternative ways to substitute animal testing in the medical research field. I will be extremely grateful if the PETA would support me while I am doing this research project and help me to stop animal testing. Thank
This makes them appropriate test subjects. In many instances, it is unknown whether a certain medicine or treatment would be harmful to a test subject. The risk involved makes it unethical to use humans for testing purposes, and these tests cannot simply be simulated on a computer or in a laboratory. Due to the genetic similarity between animals and humans, animal testing is a reasonable way to conduct testing methods, without introducing a risk to human safety. Thus, animal testing is fair because of the similarities involved. If they were not available for testing, these experiments might never be done in the first place. If testing were not done on animals, it could be argued that this is actually unethical, because we would not be conducting research that could benefit our own
Well this too is controversial - but like animals is necessary in finding new medical therapies. There are rules, regulations and guidelines in place to protect individuals in these studies such as the Declaration of Helsinki, The Nuremberg Code, and The Belmont Report. The Nuremberg Code came about when American prosecutors confronted Nazi Regime physicians who tortured and murdered Jews and others for their own medical research. One outcome from this trial and others to follow was the Nuremberg Code - a set of ethical guidelines for human experimentation. "The first tenet of the code is very clear: 'The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.'" (Washington, 2012). These documents have had major influence on human medical research and the laws governing it in the United
The animal testing is not indispensable. The animal experimentation can be said that this is not useful enough to offset the pain and death of animals. The methods used for animal experimentation and dosage are quite different from the actual situation that humans are involved in, and many case results of animal testing do harm people. The most representative example happened in late 1950s in Europe. When mice injected Thalidomide, Amelia did not occurred to their young, but when pregnant women used Thalidomide to prevent morning sickness, over 10,000 of malformed babies were born. This tragedy was brought by blind faith of animal experimentation. Animal testing is an essential step in the development of new drugs, but among the 30,000 humans