Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease example
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is a major contributing factor of worldwide deaths (Olendorf, 1999). What causes it to be a main factor of worldwide deaths? The objective of this paper is to address the disease COPD and to evaluate research studies related to this disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly sixteen million people in the United States alone (Olendorf, 1999). It is also a wide-ranging name for additional correlated diseases, such as, chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Olendorf, 1999).
Background
COPD is defined as difficulty breathing caused by irreversible damage to the lungs (Olendorf, 1999). The harm that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes to the lungs cannot be reversed (Mayo, 2010). Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that inflames the bronchial tubes; which are tubes that transport air to the lungs (Essig, 2008). This produces numerous amounts of mucus and causes excess coughing (Essig, 2008). Emphysema causes inflammation in the alveoli; which are tiny air sacs in the lung (Mayo, 2010). This can destroy several of the walls and resilient fibers, restricting the air that can reach the lungs (Mayo, 2010).
Disease Description- Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develops over time (Editorial Staff, 2010). Cigarette smoking is the main and number one cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Mayo, 2010). Long term smokers are more probable to develop this disease (Essig, 2008). Other, less prevalent irritants can cause COPD, such as, second hand smoke (Mayo, 2010). Exposure to chemicals and gases in a work environment, and in rare cases a genetic defect can also be a cause (Es...
... middle of paper ...
... & Boyden, K. (1999). Chronic obstructive lung disease. In The gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (Vols. 2 C-F, pp. 719-722). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research.
7. Rosychuk, R J, Voaklander, D C, Senthilselvan, A., Klassen, T P, Marrie, T J, & Rowe, B H (Nov 2010). Presentations to emergency departments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Alberta: a population-based study. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12, 6. p.500 (9). Retrieved November 30, 2010, from General OneFile via Gale:
http://find.galegroup.com/
8. Schriber, A. (2009, October 9). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Retrieved
November 15, 2010, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov
9. Voelker, R. (2007). New tool helps primary care clinicians with diagnosis and treatment of COPD. The Journal of American Medical Association, 298(24), 2855-2856. Retrieved from http://jama.ama-assn.org/
The presented case is of a patient named R.S. who has a smoking history of many years, which can be directly tied to his development of chronic bronchitis, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) specified as Type B. It is estimated that in 90% of chronic bronchitis or “blue bloaters”, cigarette smoking is the major cause. Chronic bronchitis involves persistent and irreversible airway obstruction, due to the constant inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, leading to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of bronchial glands. The latter exposes the individual to higher risks of bacterial infections; often colonization of organisms such as Streptococcus or Staphyloccocus pneumoniae can be exhibited. This is due to the lost or impaired function of mucociliary clearance action which results from the replacement of certain sections of ciliated columnar epithelium by squamous cells in the bronchi. (Copstead &Banasik, 546-547)
R.S. has chronic bronchitis. According to the UC San Francisco Medical Center “Chronic bronchitis is a common type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in which the air passages in the lungs — the bronchi — are repeatedly inflamed, leading to scarring of the bronchi walls. As a result, excessive amounts of sticky mucus are produced and fill the bronchial tubes, which become thickened, impeding normal airflow through the lungs.” (Chronic Bronchitis 2015) There are many things that can be observed as clinical findings. R.S. will have a chronic cough that has lasted from 3 months to two years or more, and a lot of sputum. The sputum is due to
Additionally, the clinical staff has shown very low level of confidence in the RR documentation on observation chart. Lack of time, laziness, lack of training and knowledge and unawareness of the importance of the respiratory assessment are main reasons to neglect this important aspect of nursing as stated in this study (Philip, Richardson, & Cohen,
Mrs. Jones has a history of COPD. She was already taking albuterol for her illness and it was ineffective when she took it that day. Mrs. Jones had been a smoker but had quit several years ago. According to Chojnowski (2003), smoking is a major causative factor in the development of COPD. Mrs. Jones's primary provider stated that she had a mixed type of COPD. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was established to address the growing problem of COPD. The GOLD standards identify three conditions that contribute to the structural changes found in COPD: Chronic bronchiolitis, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. A mixed diagnosis means that the patient has a combination of these conditions (D., Chojnowski, 2003). Mrs. Jones chronically displayed the characteristic symptoms of COPD. "The characteristic symptoms are cough, sputum production, dyspnea on exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance." (D., Chojnowski, 2003, p. 27).
Visse, M, Abma, T, Oever, HVD, Prins, Y, Gulmans, Y. 2013. Perceptions of hospital admission in patients with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Hospital Administration 2(3), pp. 54-65.
For patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a history of smoking cigarettes (P) can the use of nicotine replacement therapy (I) compared to only using nicotine replacement therapy (C) increase the patient's ability to permanently stop smoking (T) and slow down the progression of the effects of the disease?( O)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, better known as COPD, is a disease that affects a person’s ability to breathe normal. COPD is a combination of two major lung diseases: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis affects the bronchioles and emphysema affects the alveoli.
The principle cause of the COPD is long-term exposure to harmful airborne chemicals and particles. The best way for COPD patients to avoid getting worse is to avoid smoking (WebMD, 2016).
The purpose of this essay is to explore nursing care priorities for a patient with a common health condition. A common health condition is a disease or condition which occurs most often within a population. The author has chosen scenario 3 for this essay and will describe the nursing assessment and care planning provided to a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The WHO definition of COPD is a lung disease which has a chronic obstruction of the airways that impedes normal breathing and is not fully reversible (). According to), there are estimated to be over 3 million people in the UK with COPD. It is common in later life and there are approximately 25,000 deaths each year, with 15% of COPD being work related (The identity of the patient will remain anonymous in adherence with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, Code of Conduct on patient confidentiality (). However, the patient will be referred to as Mr B in this essay. The author has chosen the priority of eating and drinking for Mr B. Patients with COPD are at increased risk of malnutrition and nurses must make certain they screen patients and offer advice or refer as necessary (). If this priority is managed well it will have a positive effect on the other priorities (, 2012). In accordance with NICE Guideline 101 (), the treatment and care provided should consider each persons’ individual requirements and preference. Care and treatment should take into account people’s individual needs and choices. To allow people to reach informed decisions there must be good communication, supported by evidence-based practice (). This essay will provide an evidence based discussion on how care will be implemented in relation to Mr B and his eating and drin...
The functioning of the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is that it has a permanent decrease in the ability to force air out of the lungs. Consequently, it causes emphysema to become a more advanced disease with no cure. Emphysema is known for their permanent enlargement of the alveoli, which are accompanied by the destruction of the alveolar walls. The lungs lose their elasticity, so it loses its ability to recoil passively during expiration. People who have emphysema becomes exhausted fast because they need about fifteen to twenty percent of their body energy to breath which is more than what a healthy person needs. Smoking inhibits and destroys cilia in the conducting zone structures, which is the line of defense for the respiratory system.
One of the long-term breathlessness is usually caused by obesity or being unfit. Other is asthma that is not controlled properly. Moreover, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is not temporarily damage to the lungs usually caused by prolonged of smoking.
The prevalence of COPD is heavily associated with elderly persons that are predisposed to various risk factors (Viegi et al., 2001). The prevalence of these risk factors is often a major aspect in the diagnosis of the disease, the most detrimental of these being cig...
Hess Dean R., M. N. (2012). Respiratory Care: Principles and Practice 12th Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
Vijayan, V. K. (2013). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 137(2), 251-269.
One of the two common diseases that fall into the group called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Other type of condition is known as Bronchitis. Another means by which Emphysema is a type of lung disease and it develop in smokers and people who work in polluted areas. Globally, it is estimated that about 3 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 (World Health Organization). This condition is mainly caused in smokers and people who work or settled in highly polluted areas by chemicals, fumes emitted from factories and so on. Therefore these can damage the small air sacs called alveoli in lungs and get weaken, have very thin walls and delicate. The alveoli wall reduces the surface area, elasticity and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide carried by blood stream.