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The persecution of Christians under Nero in the Roman Empire
Persecution of Emperor Nero
Persecution of Emperor Nero
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Nero was the fifth and final Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His full name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, but when he was adopted by his great uncle Claudius and became his heir to be the next Roman Emperor hi name changed to Nero Claudius Ceasar Augustus Germanicus. He succeeded to the throne on 13 October, 54, after Claudius’s death. “During his rule from 54 to 68 Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade, and increasing cultural-capital of the empire.” His rule as Emperor was often associated with tyranny and extravagance. He was obsessed with retaining his title as Emperor, and would not hesitate to execute or ruthlessly kill anyone who he saw as a threat or opposition against him. He stamped out all conspiracies against him. He even killed his own mother.
On the night of 18 July to 19 July 64 the Great Fire of Rome occurred. According to Tacitus a historian who lived through this period and recorded the fire in some detail wrote, “The fire spread quickly, and burned for five days. It completely destroyed four of fourteen Roman districts and severely damaged seven others.” It was not certain who or what started the fire, but it was rumoured that Nero had planned it. Others said differently. A famous rumour was that Nero played on his fiddle while Rome burned, but this rumour was just a lie. However, someone had to be blamed, and because of rumours many held Nero responsible. Nero shifted the blame to the Christians living in Rome, and ordered all Christians to be killed. This is why Nero started persecuting the Christians in Rome at this time. It was easy for Nero to shift the blame onto the Christians, as Christianity was very new, and many people did not understand their views and beliefs; they ...
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...lamic countries in the east have huge issues with the persecution of Christians. Christians are being killed and abused for their faith in God around the world. These Christians are following in Jesus’ footsteps. A good example of why Christians are prepared to face persecution is in Mark 8:34-38.
I agree that most Christians today are not prepared to suffer as Jesus did, because their faith is not rooted enough in God, but I also believe and know that there are a number of Christians in the world today who are prepared to die for Christ and have done. Therefore, I believe that this statement is not entirely true, and so I would have to disagree with it.
Bibliography
www.wikipedia.com (Direct Quotes and information)
Marks Gospel (direct quotes and information)
www.earlychristianwritings.com (information)
www.vexen.co.uk/religion/mark.html (information)
Julius Caesar (July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, Consul, and author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. On March 15 44 B.C.E, the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was murdered. There are multiple accounts of this incident, while all accounts came after the death of Caesar, the writing on the incident portray Julius Caesar to have been a selfish dictator.
The rise of Christianity in Rome did not come easily. It came with much destruction and death. The spark of Christianity in Rome came from an appearance of Martyrs in Rome. Martyrs were people that were executed for going against the common beliefs of pagan (polytheistic) ways. (Tignor, 2011, p. 286) Because of these awful executions, Christianity is said to be based off of “the blood of martyrs.” One of their main ways of spreading Christianity was through the sharing of their writings and by 300 CE there was an exceptional amount of book production throughout Rome. (Tignor, 2011, p. 289) “Christianity operated as one among many minority religions in the Roman Empire, and on several occasions experienced widespread persecution, especially under the emperors Nero (r. 54–68), Decius (r. 249–251), and Diocletian (r. 284–305). However, the situation changed radically under the emperor Constantine (r. 306–337), who in 313 issued the Edict of Milan that made Christianity a legitimate religion in the empire.” (Melton, 2010, p. 634)
Augustus was the first emperor of Rome, as he replaced the Roman republic with an effective monarchy and during his long reign brought peace and stability. His great uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated, he fought to avenge Caesar and both defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Instead following Caesar, as a dictator leader, he founded a system of monarchy, as headed by an emperor holding power for life. Making ultimate control of all aspects of the Roman state, with the army under his direct command. He transformed
Octavian enabled the long, nonviolent time of the Pax Romana, (Latin for Roman peace) by changing Rome from a frail, collapsing republican government to a powerful empire. He is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian was born on September 23, 63 BC, and died in 14 AD. Born with the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar via his will, and then was named Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. This happened in 44 BC when his great uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated by a group of conspirators. Additionally, he received the name “Augustus” a term meaning “the revered one” from the Roman Senate in 27 BC. Because of the various names he had, it is common to call him Octavius while referring to the events that between 63 and 44 BC, Octavian when referring to events between 44 and 27 BC, and Augustus when referring to events after 27 BC. Octavian is arguably the single most important figure in Roman history. Ever since he was a young boy, he was destined to become the next great leader. For example, Octavian along with his friend Marcus Agrippa went to visit the Sibyl of Cumae (oracle). When the Sibyl saw him, she bowed at his feet and said that he would be the next great leader. He did not believe her at the time, but just a few years later Julius Caesar would be dead and he would have power. Over the course of his long and spectacular career as “Principate,” he put an end to the collapse of the Republic, and established a system that would stand in the Roman government for three centuries.
Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (b. 10 BC, d. 54 A.D.; emperor, 41-54 A.D.) was the third emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His reign represents a turning point in the history of the Principate for a number of reasons, not the least for the manner of his accession and the implications it carried for the nature of the office. During his reign he promoted administrators who did not belong to the senatorial or equestrian classes, and was later vilified by authors who did. He followed Caesar in carrying Roman arms across the English Channel into Britain but, unlike his predecessor, he initiated the full-scale annexation of Britain as a province, which remains today the most closely studied corner of the Roman Empire. His relationships with his wives and children provide detailed insights into the perennial difficulties of the succession problem faced by all Roman Emperors. His final settlement in this regard was not lucky: he adopted his fourth wife's son, who was to reign catastrophically as Nero and bring the dynasty to an end. Claudius's reign, therefore, was a mixture of successes and failures that leads into the last phase of the Julio-Claudian line.
The Holocaust was the persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime. The total amount of people murdered during this time was 11 million, with six million of those being Jews. Not only were adults murdered but approximately 1.5 million children were murdered as well. The destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities also occurred during this time. The word “Holocaust” comes from the Greek origin meaning, “sacrifice by fire”. Another word for this mass murder of six million Jews is “Shoah”. “Shoah” means devastation, ruin, or waste. The Nazis who led this persecution came to power in Germany in January of 1933. The Nazis saw the Jews as evil or cowardly and saw the Germans as hardworking, honest, and courageous. The Germans were destined to rule and the Jews were doomed to extinction. Not only were the Jews a target but Gypsies, the disabled, and some of the Slavic people were as well. The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and it ended in 1945 when the Allies defeated the Nazis.
The book The Great Fire of Rome by Stephen Dando-Collins begins with the story of Nero and his life before power. As the book continues it shows Nero come to power and then slowly lose his mind. The book discusses the persecution of the Christians, and at one point focus’ on a 26 year old man named Joseph, who has become a Roman citizen, he meets a man named Paul who is on trial for being Christian and is waiting for the ruling on his case. Paul is taken away and Joseph finds his way to Rome and meets a Jewish actor who is loved by Nero, through this relationship Joseph becomes friends with Nero’s wife and with her help he tries to influence people with the Jewish religion. Then the great fire happens and the author shows two possibilities of what could have happened, with Nero starting the fire and with the fire starting by accident. Over the next couple of chapters there is talk over suspicions of who actually started the fire. Nero is a suspect and eventually convicted of starting the fire but Nero only saw this as a boost to his name. The story ends with a reflection on the good and the bad that Nero had done.
attacked them in their homes. Jews had to sell their businesses and other property to
his successor. When Claudius died: 54 AD, Nero was pronounced emperor. At the time he was only 17. He declined his mother’s attempts to control him and soon after killed her. After her death, he felt free and decided to spend lavishly and behaved inappropriately. He began executing opponents and Christians and committed suicide in 63 AD.
It was also during this time that Rome was subjected to numerous horrendous fires that destroyed much of the city when it was under the control of the emperor Nero.
Julius Caesar was born on the 13th day of the month Quintilis (now July) in the year of 100 B.C. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his father's name. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. Caesar was the name of one branch of the Julian family. Its original meaning was "hairy.” Caesar's family was not prominent, but they claimed to be descended from Venus as well as the kings of Alba Langa. In spite of that fiction, Caesar was well connected through his relatives and received some important government assignments during his youth. Julius Caesar was the dictator of Rome from 61-44 BC. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only beginning. Caesar made his way to be considered a head of Rome by 62 BC, but many of the senate felt him a dangerous, ambitious man. The senate did their best to keep him out of consulship. He finally became consul in 59 BC. In Caesar, they saw only the threat of a king, a word that was linked with the word “tyrant” that is cruel or unjust rule.
During the first half century after the crucifixion of Jesus, the Roman government including governors in the eastern provinces took no active measures against Christians. The attitude of the higher Roman authorities had always been that Christianity was merely a sect of Judaism, and as such, were entitled to share in its privileges as a recognized religion. In 64 A.D. this attitude suffered a severe alteration. On July 19, 64 A.D. occurred the great fire of Rome. Half a million people were left homeless. Popular rumor persistently asserted that the fire was started by incendiaries acting under the orders of the Emperor Nero. It was said that Nero wanted the city burnt down so he could build a new city which was to be re-named after himself. Nero felt that something must be done to deflect the public indignation against him. To do this he contrived that accusations should be brought against the Christians. So Nero began an aggressive persecution of the Christians in Rome. Those who confessed their guilt were brought to trail. During these trials a great number of other Christians were uncovered and were also brought to trial. Oddly enough, these people were not charged with starting the great fire of Rome, but rather for “hatred of the humankind.”
The persecution of Christians that went on in the first, as well as the second century, was random and local. Nero was the emperor that started the persecution of Christians. After the Great Fire of Rome, the Christians were blamed and called arsonists, as well as causing them to receive vicious deaths in Rome. During the second century, the Christians were often just ignored. Even at the end of the 5 Good Emperors reigns, Christians still didn’t represent a large part of the Roman society.
The article, “3rd Century Christianity” by Graeme Clarke, discusses the history of Christian persecution. Section two, “Persecution AD 193-249” and section three, “The Persecution of Decius”, provide an in depth review of Christian persecution under the Roman Emperors’ Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Decius. However, the exact number of Christians persecuted and martyred for their faith will never really be known. Very few written records exist that chronicle events throughout the entire Roman Empire.
Dating back to one of the most known religions in history, Christians constantly go through trials, struggles, temptations, and all the things that someone who goes through persecution face. Persecution is hostility and ill-treatment especially because of race or political or one’s faith or belief, and in the daily life of persecution, someone must go through constant harassment because of their faith. In many Middle Eastern countries like Iran and Pakistan, Evangelical Christians are being massively persecuted for their religious beliefs. In the past decades, many have been trying to spread the awareness of religious conflict by the sacrificial work of different missionary and charity groups, the expansion of the Gospel, and through the provision of financial resources. Several other ways this problem could be addressed is through and