Chlamydia and Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID) are very common sexually transmitted infection and disease respectively. This paper is about finding the correlation between chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease and how factors like age, socioeconomic conditions, medical facilities, variants of same bacteria can alter the results of progression from chlamydia to PID found in same population under study. Untreated chlamydia can cause more serious medical conditions like PID, infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is the most common sexually transmitted disease found mostly in women. It is also one of the main cause of infertility in women. Chlamydia is also a sexually transmitted infection which is caused by bacteria- Chlamydia trachomatis. Exposure to chlamydial infection can lead to higher risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. These both sexually transmitted diseases show different symptoms but they are considered to be interconnected. Chlamydial infection, which most of the times show very slow or no symptoms, if left untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and can further cause infertility.
To determine the correlation of chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease, microRNA were used as biomarkers in an experiment for the diagnosis of bacterial growth infection. These microRNA regulate chemokine cytokine responses which are the immune responses that take place during bacterial infections. In a study of two chlamydial variants of C. muridarum – CmVar001 and CmVar004 (Chlamydia muridarum is also one strain of bacteria which cause chlamydia) the microRNA expression showed by these bacterial variants was examined. The experiment was done in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the growth of variants was d...
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...l play important role in progression of infection in women. These are some of the factors that are related to women but there are also different variants of bacterial strains that are capable of growing at different rates in women’s body. Some variants grow rapidly than others. This growth rate influences the progression of disease. The focus of this paper is on the effects of C. trachomatis on upper genital of women but in one of the experiments, it was also seen that more women were hospitalized for PID who were previously infected with gonorrhea. Chlamydia is one of the causes of PID if left untreated but there are other sexually transmitted infections also that can lead to this disease. It also depend on the health, age, previous condition of pregnancies and abortions, accessibility to medical facilities that affect the progression or regression of infections.
Introduction: Chlamydia Trachomatis is the organism responsible for diseases such as trachoma and the STD Chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most common STD in the United States, with about 4 million new cases diagnosed every year.
Catlin (1992) reports that many different media have been used to isolate G. vaginalis from clinical specimens. The most successful media pos...
Bacterial bladder infections may occur in women as a result of sexual intercourse. But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to lower urinary tracts infections because the female genital area often harbors bacteria that can cause cystitis.
Cystitis more commonly known as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria is a chronic infectious disease defined as inflammation of the urinary tract including the bladder and urinary tissue. Signs and symptoms develop due to aggravated epithelial tissue that line the bladder and urinary tract effected by the bacteria infecting them. There is a greater prevalence in women than in men, however when men develop a UTI they are at greater risk for complications such as pyelonephritis or septicemia (Lehne 2013). Bauman (2013) states that 32% of women will experience cystitis in their lifetime. Lehne (2013) states that up to 35% of sexually active females will develop a urinary tract infection each year and that up to 50% of females in nursing homes have cystitis at any given time.
When the bacteria are already in someone it can be passed by having sexual intercourse and oral sex. The infection can show up in the mouth, genital area, and rectum. Also, if a person already has a sexually transmitted disease, it’s easier for someone to transfer the disease to that person that is already infected. The signs and symptoms for gonorrhea differ between men and women. Symptoms are rarely seen in patients with gonorrhea. In men during urination there will be a feeling of discomfort, there will be a puffy substance that will come from the genital area, and the testicle may expand and have inflammation. In women the genital area will display unusual discharge, in the abdominal there will be a lot of distress, and in the pelvic region there would be periods of
The symptomatology of a C. trachomatis infection is often lead by complaints of yellow and purulent vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding between periods and after sexual intercourse, and sometimes pain in the lower abdomen. Occasionally, there are urinary symptoms such as painful urination or a burning sensation when urinating, having to urinate more frequently (polyuria), or trouble urinating. Men may present with similar symptoms such as a mucus and fluid discharge from the urethra and urinary complaints. A rarer occurrence is testicular pain, tenderness, and swelling known as epididymitis. It is possible for patients to present with a rectal infection involving pain and swelling of the rectum, or even an eye infection known as conjunctivitis.
(Urinary Tract Infection in Adults) some infections can lead to serious problems, such as kidney infections. Chronic kidney infections—infections that recur or last a long time—can cause permanent damage, including kidney scars, poor kidney function, high blood pressure Urinary tract infections is highly associated with women and them having recurring infection, UTIs are caused by usually bacteria that pass in the urethra and the bladder. Majority of the time, your body immune system can get rid of these bacteria according to (Mayo clinic) the bacteria are Escherichia coli (E. coli) a type of bacteria normally found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract other bacteria are staphylococcus, proteus, klebsiella, enterococcus, and pseudomonas. According to (webMD) Some bladder infections in both men and women have been linked to two sexually transmitted organisms: chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma. Another sexually transmitted organism, trichomonas, can cause similar
This is a story of a close friend and one night that would change the rest of his and our lives. His name was MMMM; he had always been the popular kid in our high school. He was the star quarterback for our senior football team; coming from wealthy parents, he drove the hottest muscle car, and always had the hottest girls chasing him. Even in college, after we had all settled down from the partying and drinking, he continued without skipping a beat. It wouldn’t be until one night, that all of that would change.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the gap of current chlamydia research, the clinical relevance of the research, and a possible and appropriate research design for investigating the proposed of this research. Therefore, the goal is better understanding and move forward to clarify the relationship between adolescent and young adult’s knowledge, awareness and testing practices as well as the reason why chlamydia continues to rise and it is the most common reportable infection in the United States (US).
The Sexually Transmitted Disease I chose is Mucopurulent Cervicitis. It is also known as MPC. According to University of South Carolina Student Health Services website, “Mucopurulent Cervicitis is often cause by inflection and the infection can be caused by a number of different organisms”1, but then the “cause can be unknown or unclear”.1 I think that this is a contradicting statement. The article when on to say that “chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, or herpes can cause Mucopurulent Cervicitis, but most cases no cause can be identified”.1
Bryan Bunch, editor of Scientific Publishing, claims that chlamydia “is the most common disease in the United States” (Bunch). Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease commonly found in people all over the world. It is estimated that around 2% of all Americans, including those who are not sexually active, have at least one sexually transmitted disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The pathogen name, chlamydia trachomatis comes from the Greek word, “chlamys”, which translates to “cloak draped around the shoulder”. This name is very accurate as it describes the way the disease wraps around cells in the body (Pomazal). Chlamydia is a disease with “between 3 and 4 million new infections each year in the United States” alone (Bunch).
Chlamydia is a disease that can cause permanent damage to the sexual organs. An estimated three million people are infected with Chlamydia each year (Witmer, nd). Once inside the blood, the microbes can spread to the joints, skin, and major body organs. With this disease, up to twenty percent of men may not have symptom but a bigger problem is that up to eighty percent of women do not experience symptoms. When the microbes enter the body in women they focus on the cervix area which, if left untreated can cause infertility (Daugirdas, 1992). Some symptoms of Chlamydia are pain at the end of a menstrual cycle, burning discharge, pain while urinating, and even chronic arthritis. Chlamydia is one of the mos...
The effects of this inflammation is due to germs that enters in through the urethra from the skin surrounding the opening of the urethra. Some bacteria that might be causing this could be; E. coli and other bacteria found in stool. As well as Gonococcus, Chlamydia and herpes that are transferred sexually can all cause urethritis. If caused by a sexually transmitted bacteria, then the person effected by it can have a high risk of having HIV if not treated immediately.
Bacterial vaginosis is identified with patient with high incidence of endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease status post abortion and/or gynecological procedures (Hainer & Gibson, 2011). This vaginal infection, bacterial vaginosis, has been associated with status post and postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and during pregnancy, late fetal loss and spontaneous preterm birth (Verstraelen, Verhelst, Vaneechoutte, & Temmerman, 2010).