Child Labor Exposed in The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake

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In the poem, The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake (1789), the poet attempts to shine a light on the social injustice inflicted upon children by appealing to the reader’s conscience in order to free them from their nightmare existence. He uses a child’s voice as the vehicle to deliver his message in order to draw attention to the injustice of forced child labor. The speaker is a young boy whose mother has passed away. He has no time to properly grieve because his father has sold him into a life of filth and despair. The child weeps not only for the loss of his mother and his father’s betrayal, but also for the loss of his childhood and innocence. Blake cleverly uses sound, imagery, irony, and symbolism in an attempt to provoke outrage over the inhumane treatment and exploitation inflicted upon young children by forcing them into the chimneys.

The poet uses end rhyming to give the poem a sing-song quality which enforces that the speaker is a child. “Young, tongue, weep, sleep” are examples of end rhymes from lines 1-4. At the end of the poem the speaker switches the sound quality to assonance where he uses the non-rhyming words “behind, wind” (16-17), “dark, work” (21-22), “warm, harm” (23-24)” which are near enough in sound to hear the echo of the syllables but illustrate opposing meanings. “Work” is “dark”, being “warm” should not cause “harm”. “When my mother died I was very young, / And my father sold me while yet my tongue / Could scarcely cry 'weep!’weep! 'weep! 'weep!” (1-2). Repeating the words “weep, weep, weep” sounds like a nursery rhyme, chorus of a song or maybe even the ringing of an alarm. We see the imagery of the young, crying child and also hear his grief. It is possible that the child is so young th...

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...stence. “And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, / And got with our bags & our brushes to work” (21-22). Reality has returned, the dark is back but a newfound acceptance and optimism has replaced the despair. “Tom was happy & warm; / So if all do their duty they need not fear harm”, (23-24). The hypocrisy of a society charged with protecting but failing in their obligation to the children has not gone unnoticed. Ironically, in the end, it is society who really lost their humanity, not the children. Blake hopes by exposing this tragedy through his poem and the child’s voice that society will right the wrong of robbing children of their youth and innocence and putting an end to forced child labor.

Works Cited

Blake, William. The Chimney Sweeper. 1789. Web.

Meyers, Michael. Literature to Go. New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2011. 445-446. Print.

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