The theory this paper employs is that one’s introvert or extrovert personality characteristics and their national culture impacts one’s susceptibility to groupthink. If businesses understood the importance of how various personality types and cultures influence decision-making, groupthink could be better avoided leading to better solutions of problems. This theory is important because it can lessen the burdening effects of groupthink by understanding and acknowledging individual differences among members, resulting in better outcomes. The first variable is personality type. We will define this by Gordon Allport’s definition that personality is “the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment” (Lakshmi, 2008). For the purpose of this study we will use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator because of its popularity and significance – two and a half million Americans a year take the test and 89 of the US Fortune 100 use it for selection, recruitment, and a way for employees to better understand themselves and each other (Psychometric Success, 2013). The dimensions of the variable include introversion versus extroversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perceiving (Myers & McCaulley, 1985). We will be focusing specifically on introversion and extroversion and will refer to psychatrist Carl Jung’s definitions of the terms - an introvert is someone who withdraws into himself and tends to be shy and an extrovert seeks the company of others and is likely to be very sociable (Lakshmi, 2008). The literature takes this independent variable into account in Vijaya Lakshmi’s study of extroverts and introverts. Understa... ... middle of paper ... ... that means they want to reduce their risks as minimal as possible and want to avoid uncertainty as much as possible. The literatures takes this independent variable into account in Zhang’s study of the ways one’s culture influences decisions made under majority influence. Since conformity is partially a product of culture, different cultural perspectives and experiences will impact decision-making. One’s national culture impacts the original relationship because it helps shape one’s personality, which helps shape their susceptibility to group think. Therefore one’s national culture acts as a partial mediating variable, because it influences both personality type and one’s susceptibility to groupthink. My hypothesis is that those with high UAI scores are more likely to succumb to groupthink and those with low UAI scores are less likely to succumb to groupthink.
The purpose of this analysis is to identify my personality type, temperament, and how it relates to my behavior and success in the workplace. The first phase of this paper is to identify my four letter personality type using the Jung Typology Test which is based on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers personality type theory (Jung Typology Test, 2016). I will also discuss where I fall within Keirsey’s Temperaments; this personality typing combines two of the four sets of preferences in to four distinct temperament categories (Personalitypage, 2015a). Keirsey identified four basic temperaments known as Guardian, Rational, Artisan, and Idealist (Keirsey, n.d.). I will explain each of the four letters of my type and provide specific examples of how they relate to me in both a professional and personal level. In the final phase I will discuss my personality strengths and weaknesses and how I can use the assessment for overall personal growth.
We have also read some information about how Carl Jung defines personality and he uses, eight personality types based introversion as well as extroversion. Jung states that our attitudes seem to have a tendency, to behave in a certain manner. Jung believed that individuals who classify themselves as introverts place importance on their personal views of the world, while individuals who classify themselves as extroverts seem to place more importance on detachment and surrounding influences.
The topic of this paper is Irving Janis’s concept of groupthink. There has been an increase in the utilization of groups or teams of people who come together in the decision-making process. There are many benefits to group decision-making with each member brings their own perspectives, beliefs, and ideas to the table. However, there are also negative dynamics such as groupthink that can hinder this process. Groupthink can lead to members believing that their opinions don’t hold as much weight as their peers, a group becoming overconfident in their knowledge of what is right, and the minimization of threats. Lack of thorough analysis of all available options or opportunities can have costly and long reaching negative consequences. Proactive
He defines introversion as the turning inward of psychic energy with inclination towards the subjective aspect of experiences (Feist & Feist, 2009). On the other hand, extroversion refers to the turning outward of psychic energy that leads to the tendency to turn towards objectivity and away from subjectivity. However, Jung identifies that humans rest somewhere on the scale of a balance between introversion and extroversion. The implication of this theory is that some people may portray a high degree of one aspect and a lower degree of another (Jung, 2014). On this basis, those who are referred as introverts are those that have a low degree of extroversion and the same applies to extroverts. Jung also notes that the functions of sensing, feeling, thinking, and intuiting impact on the personalities of people and moderate their degrees of extroversion and
Extraversion and its counterpart, introversion, have been the focus of many studies spanning several decades. Carl Jung (date) was the first to describe and document the trait of extroversion-introversion for study. Jung realized that extroversion differed for every person and fell somewhere on a spectrum (Guilford & Braly, 1930). According to J.P. Guilford and Kenneth W. Braly, “Extroversion is based upon a general chemical or metabolic disposition of the nervous system which produces a relative condition of general dissociation, a heightened resistance at the synapses, especially in the higher nervous centers” (Guilford and Braly, 1931). An extroverted person draws their energy from being around people where
The purpose of my test is to measure whether a person falls on the spectrum of being a more introverted or extroverted being. Introversion can be defined as someone who keeps more to themselves and prefers being alone, rather than in large groups. While extroversion can be seen as someone who is more outgoing and prefers to be around bigger groups of people. Ambivert is a category as well, in which someone can fall right in the middle between the two. The target audience for this test is high school students, particularly ninth and tenth grade students. The test will be referred to as SEAT (Simplified Educational Adaptive Test). This test was created to help them determine their personality type, in which can help better match which career
Over several years, psychologist and other scholars have studied the personality types of a variety of people in many different environments. Much of the studies emphasize how different personalities effects humans within their daily lives. These personalities have been divided and revealed as Extravert or Introvert, Sensor or Intuitive, Thinking or Feeling, and Judging or Perceiving; all of which can be classified in sixteen different personality types. In this study you will find the personality of a woman whose dominant preferences are Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging. This paper will further provide an understanding of how an ESTJ woman finds ways to understand one’s self and communicate better in her personal life and professional
Have you ever stopped and wondered why some people seem to have traits that make them come out ahead of others? These people have characteristics that complement each other, these people are neat introverts. The character traits of neat people are defined in the article “Neat People vs. Sloppy People,” by Suzanne Britt, and the characteristics of an introvert are explained in the article “Caring for Your Introvert,” by Jonathan Rauch. Neat introverts are advantageous at life because their characteristics support one another and bring out the best in them. It is similar to how a runner would condition and train before a big race, if it wasn’t for the training that person probably wouldn’t do as well in the race. The same can be said about their
There are two distinct personality types: introverts and extroverts. Introverts like to keep their thoughts to themselves and prefer to be alone; however, introverts are not always shy. On the other hand, extroverts are comfortable with sharing their ideas and opening up to others quickly. According to Anthony Hilling in “Extrovert and Introvert—what is the difference?, “It is wrong to think of introverts as being antisocial.” Furthermore, introverts and extroverts choose to socialize differently. Carl Jung defines “introversion as an attitude-type characterised by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents (focus on one's inner psychic activity).” Introverts are known for articulating their thoughts clearly in writing because they “tend to stop, reflect and absorb information before speaking, they reflect this kind of deliberate thought in their writing.” There is an apparent difference between the two personality types, explaining why many people believe that introverts and ex...
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has recognized my profile as Introvert, Intuitive, Thinking and Judgment (INTJ). As an introvert, I can get nervous among other people. It does not pose a problem for an individual. On the other hand, in order to be an effective leader, it is important for me to keep a profound communicational relationship with my subordinates. Without proper communication skills, it is not possible to establish a functional relationship with my subordinates. This may jeopardize the success of any activity that we are involved in. The introvert part is perhaps the major barrier which may keep me away from being an effective leader.
Mccrae, R. R. and Costa, P. T. 1989. Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator From the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Journal of personality, 57 (1), pp. 17--40.
According to Carl Jung’s typology theory each individual develops personal preferences which become the foundation for how they face life’s challenges and interact with others. Based on this knowledge Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI). This test helps individuals identify and study their individual preference and those of others. After taking the Jung Typology Test, which is based on the MBTI, it was confirmed that my four dominate personality preferences are Introversion, iNtuition, Thinking and Judging. Each personality preference is discussed in detail including strengths and weaknesses. The combination of the four make me a INTJ of the world. This is also discussed in detail including strengths, weaknesses,
This paper researches the typical traits of the INTJ personality type according to the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. Additionally, I will be discussing the opposite personality of INTJ, type ESFP. I will detail two past experiences where my INTJ personality posed problems. This paper will also explore strategies that may benefit the INTJ personality type, myself included.
Loneliness is something that a lot of people fear. It can be a feeling that nobody is there, as if you are alone in the world with nothing but your thoughts. The silence and the boredom can get to people, but for me, I'm fueled by it. When I am alone I can focus, I can get things done and find true peace. The anxiety and stress of life slips away when I'm left with nothing to do and no one to talk to. When I am left to myself my body and mind is able to recharge from the tasks that have recently drained me. I am able to rest and calm down, knowing that there is no one around me. There are a lot of people out there who find this odd, that the way they see it is that being by yourself at home is boring a waste of time if you can be out and do things. Well, that's probably because they are an extrovert, and I'm an introvert. Being an introvert is commonly confused with disliking being out with friends and doing exciting things with others, but that's totally wrong. I enjoy my times with others and I got out with my friends all the time, but there is a point, and certain times when I need to be by
more aware of my personality type, “(ISTJ) I am an Introvert (34%) Sensing (12%) Thinking